FSML: Instrumentation at UW Friday Harbor Laboratories for Studies of the Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification and Ocean Change

华盛顿大学星期五海港实验室（FHL）目前支持一个功能齐全的美国国家科学基金会资助的（FSML）海洋酸化实验实验室和水中中间体设施，可供任何机构的研究人员使用。根据新的合同，FHL将安装一个仪器阵列来监测当地的海洋变化，并提供数据来帮助设计正在进行的实验。华盛顿大学已经安装了一个海底电缆系统（2013年春季），该系统将允许对科学设备进行实时监控和测试。试验台的基础设施包括两条光电电缆，连接在海底，从海岸延伸600英尺，第三条浅层电缆将于2014年增加。连接到每根电缆的仪器将通过FHL和NANOOS网站为科学家和公众提供前所未有的数据访问。在两根电缆（7米和30米）的末端，FHL将安装实时仪器来监测水柱中的海洋化学、物理和生物过程。在另一根电缆（40米）的末端，UW OOI区域尺度节点（RSN）系统的浅层和深层剖面仪将进行测试（UW海洋学院和应用物理实验室）；分析器最终将被移除，UW将继续使用该电缆和连接器作为未来仪器开发的试验台设施。海洋变化，包括海洋酸化，对海洋和沿海生态系统以及依赖它们的社会构成了前所未有的威胁。OA问题的规模和复杂性需要新的空间分布式数据收集，以及OA研究的综合规划方法。受东北太平洋水域滋养的萨利希海地区特别容易受到与海洋上升流有关的OA事件的影响，并且已经经历了其他地区几十年内不会出现的pH值范围；商业渔业和贝类水产养殖似乎已经受到影响或面临风险。在萨利希海等河口，由于呼吸、产生、缺氧和混合等局部过程，OA进一步复杂化，导致pH值和co2分压在时间和空间上的广泛变化。FHL海洋变化研究的长期计划侧重于综合海洋碳酸盐系统观测，利用海洋传感器和仪器发展的新进展，并结合实验室和现场条件下的生物反应研究。现场条件将使用环境和生态系统建模研究进行模拟，我们的研究结果将为评估政策和社会经济反应提供信息。社会需求将与我们的研究充分结合，将问题的相关性与人类适应OA的需求结合起来。FHL将参与知识转移，使数据和信息在决策者、受影响社区、科学家和公众之间流动。贝类养殖业将从新的数据中获得经济利益，部落政府将获得有助于维持传统食物来源的利益。公众将受益于有针对性的教育活动，提高对海洋过程，特别是海洋酸化的普遍了解。UW和FHL将培训一支准备好发现和处理OA影响的员工队伍，并实现适应性反应，使受影响的行业和社区能够在这种威胁的存在下蓬勃发展。使用者包括从事海洋资源经济的团体、沿海部落成员、海洋资源管理人员、学术和政府实验室的研究人员以及正式和非正式的教育工作者。FHL的教育项目涉及范围广泛，从高中教师及其学生到本科生、研究生和博士后研究人员。在研究生阶段，FHL将为学生在学术界内外的职业生涯做好准备。任职人数不足的少数群体已充分纳入海洋活动，其目标是增加他们在海洋学、生物学、渔业和其他OA和与海洋有关的领域的任职人数。我们将利用现有的项目（UW IGERT的海洋变化项目、FHL Blinks和REU站点项目、FHL研究学徒项目、UW的NSF BEACON项目），并创建新的项目，在大学校园内外招募、指导和准备一个由URM学生组成的社区。我们将以尊重文化的方式，扩大土著美国学生在他们自己的大学校园（NWIC）附近并与他们自己的教师一起参与海洋变化研究和教育的持续参与。

The UW Friday Harbor Laboratories (FHL) currently supports a fully functional NSF-funded (FSML) Ocean Acidification Experimental Laboratory and in-water mesocosm facility, available to researchers from any institution. Under the new award, FHL will install an instrument array to monitor local ocean changes, and to provide data to help design ongoing experiments. UW has already installed a submarine cable system (spring 2013) that will allow real-time monitoring and testing of scientific devices. The test-bed infrastructure includes two electro-optical cables, bundled together on the seafloor, extending 600 feet from shore, and a third shallower cable will be added in 2014. Instruments connected to each cable will provide unprecedented data access to scientists and the general public via the FHL and NANOOS websites. At the end of two cables (7m, 30m) FHL will install real-time instruments to monitor ocean chemistry, physics and biological processes in the water column. At the end of the other cable (40m), a shallow and a deep profiler of the UW OOI Regional Scale Node (RSN) system will be tested (UW School of Oceanography & Applied Physics Lab); the profilers will eventually be removed and UW will continue to use this cable and connectors as a test-bed facility for future instrument development.Ocean change, including ocean acidification (OA), poses an unprecedented threat to oceanic and coastal ecosystems and to the societies that depend on them. The scale and complexity of the OA problem requires new spatially distributed data collection, and an integrated programmatic approach to OA research. The Salish Sea region, fed by waters of the Northeast Pacific, is particularly vulnerable to OA events associated with ocean upwelling and is already experiencing pH ranges that other areas will not see for many decades; commercial fisheries and shellfish aquaculture already appear to be affected or at risk. OA is further complicated in estuaries such as the Salish Sea by local processes including respiration, production, anoxia and mixing, resulting in wide pH and pCO2 variation in time and space. Long-range plans for ocean change research at FHL focus on integrated ocean carbonate system observations, utilizing new advances in the development of ocean sensors and instruments, and incorporating biological response studies under laboratory and field conditions. Field conditions will be simulated using environmental and ecosystem modeling studies, and our findings will provide information for assessment of policy, and socio-economic responses.Societal needs will be fully integrated with our research, merging the relevance of the problem and the need for human adaptation to OA. FHL will engage in knowledge transfer, with data and information flowing to and from policy makers, affected communities, scientists, and the general public. The shellfish aquaculture community will benefit economically from the new data and tribal governments will accrue benefits that could help sustain traditional food sources. The public will benefit through targeted education activities that improve general understanding of ocean processes and especially ocean acidification. UW and FHL will train a workforce that is ready to discover and deal with the impacts of OA and to realize adaptive responses that will allow affected industries and communities to thrive in the presence of this threat. Users include groups engaged in marine resource-based economies, members of coastal tribes, managers of marine resources, researchers in academic and government laboratories, and both formal and informal educators. FHL education programs reach broadly, from high school teachers and their students to undergraduate and graduate students and postdoctoral researchers. At the graduate level, FHL will prepare students for careers inside and outside of academia. Under represented minorities (URM) are fully integrated into FHL activities, with the objective of increasing their representation in oceanography, biology, fisheries and other OA and ocean-related fields. We will leverage existing programs (UW IGERT in Ocean Change, FHL Blinks and REU site programs, FHL Research Apprenticeships, NSF BEACON at UW) and create new programs to recruit, mentor, and prepare a community of URM students both on and off the university campus. We will expand our ongoing engagement of Native American students in ocean change research and education, near their own college campus (NWIC) and with their own instructors, in a culturally respectful way.