Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Mobility, Cooperation And Emergent Political Complexity

考古学家提出的一个中心问题是，今天几乎所有人类都生活在复杂的大规模社会中，这些社会是如何产生的。一个主要文明的根源在于近东，这项研究的目标是了解这一发展的早期阶段，这与植物和动物的驯化密切相关。刘汉娜，在伊丽莎白·卡特博士的指导下，将利用考古学背景下的动物骨骼数据（动物群），以评估定居和移动的农民和牧民在新石器时代晚期哈拉夫（约。公元前6100-5200年），土耳其卡赫拉曼马拉省的多木兹泰普遗址。Lau将结合从动物考古学分析和对家畜牙齿标本的锶、碳和氧同位素分析中收集的联合收割机数据，研究人们在日常生活活动和多木兹泰佩宴会活动中的经济协调。通过这些分析，本研究将揭示古代民族？关于他们的牲畜的管理选择，这是他们政治经济的一个重要方面。美索不达米亚的案例研究是人类学讨论社会复杂性演变时最常引用的案例之一。本研究评估哈拉夫社会系统的合作社会和经济网络的规模，并将澄清的过程中出现的政治复杂性在上美索不达米亚。北方美索不达米亚哈拉夫时期的政治复杂性的范围和程度是有强烈争议的。本研究的目的是利用动物考古学和同位素数据来探索几个相互关联的过程：1）记录现场的资源和劳动力协调，2）确定是否有更多的移动的群体参与并促成了大型宴会活动，如果是，确定这种合作是否与日常生计做法不同或反映了日常生计做法，以及3）评估在Domuztepe的全职居民和可能的移动的人口组成部分中，诸如节日等公共仪式的制定及其对动物管理实践的影响。宴会提供了一种研究新石器时代社会经济和政治组织的方法，因为它们需要参与者之间的明确合作，并为社会和政治关系的具体化，放大甚至转变提供了机会。这项研究的影响超出了在哈拉夫Domuztepe澄清资源和劳动力协调的直接项目，并在该地区更广泛。该项目为更广泛地讨论政治复杂性如何出现提供了关键数据，并将政治复杂性和资源管理的现代进程置于背景之中。它将有助于发展整个土耳其南部发现的重和轻同位素剖面的知识体系，为该地区未来的工作奠定基础。此外，这项工作将使Lau能够接受必要的培训，以发展新的分析技能，包括分析和理解稳定同位素的宝贵实验室经验。这些技能将进一步提高她解释动物群的能力，扩大未来研究项目的范围，这将有助于理解人类与动物的关系。最后，该项目促进了国际学术交流，作为美国、联合王国和土耳其机构之间长期国际研究合作的一部分。这项研究的结果将通过开放获取数据出版物，公开演示和传统的学术场所向公众提供。

One central question which archaeologists pose concerns the processes which gave rise to the complex large scale societies in which almost all humans live today. The roots of one major civilization lie in the Near East and the goal of this research is to gain understanding into an early stage of this development which was closely tied to the domestication of plants and animals.Hannah Lau, under the mentorship of Dr. Elizabeth Carter, will employ data from animal bones from archaeological contexts (faunal assemblages) to assess cooperation and interaction among settled and mobile farmers and herders at the Late Neolithic Halaf (ca. 6100-5200 cal. BCE) site of Domuztep in Kahramanmara Province, Turkey. Lau will combine data gleaned from both zooarchaeological analysis and analyses of strontium, carbon, and oxygen isotopes from teeth specimens of domestic animals to examine economic coordination among people in both daily subsistence activities and in the feasting events at Domuztepe. Through these analyses this study will reveal ancient peoples? management choices regarding their livestock, an important aspect of their political economy.Mesopotamian case studies are among the most frequently invoked in anthropological discussions of the evolution of social complexity. This study evaluates the scale of cooperative social and economic networks in the Halaf social system and will clarify the processes by which political complexity arose in Upper Mesopotamia. The extent and degree of political complexity during the Halaf period in Northern Mesopotamia is strongly contested. The objective of this research is to use zooarchaeological and isotopic data to explore several interrelated processes: 1) to document resource and labor coordination at the site, 2) to determine whether more mobile groups contributed to and participated in large-scale feasting events, and if so, to determine if such cooperation differs or mirrors day-to-day subsistence practices, and 3) to assess the elaboration of communal rituals like feasts and their impact on animal management practices among fulltime residents at Domuztepe and possible mobile components of the population. Feasts provide a way to study Neolithic socioeconomic and political organization since they entail explicit cooperation among participants and offer an opportunity for social and political relationships to be reified, amplified or even transformed. This study has implications beyond the immediate project of clarifying resource and labor coordination at Halaf Domuztepe, and in the region more broadly. The project contributes critical data to broader discussions of how political complexity emerges, contextualizing modern processes of political complexity and resource management. It will contribute to the developing body of knowledge of heavy and light isotope profiles found throughout southern Turkey, laying the foundation for future work in the area. Additionally, this work will enable Lau to undergo essential training to develop new analytical skills, including valuable laboratory experience analyzing and understanding stable isotopes. These skills will further her ability to interpret faunal assemblages, broadening the scope of future research projects that will contribute to understandings of human-animal relations. Finally, this project facilitates international scholarly exchange as part of a longterm international research collaboration between institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom and Turkey. The results of this study will be made available to the public through open access data publication, public presentations and traditional scholarly venues.