Chronological Change In Domestic Economy And Provisioning Strategy

国内经济的时间变化与供给策略

• 批准号: 1419672
• 负责人: Mark Hauser
• 金额: $ 14.71万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1419672&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Chronological; Change; Domestic; Economy; Provisioning

In many regions of the developing world millions of people live in rural environments in highly stratified societies - India, for example, is a case in point. As population size increases, pressure on the land grows and the land itself becomes degraded, how can populations adapt over the long run? Through the examination of historical cases researchers can examine such processes over the course of decades. This project gains general significance within that context.With an international team, Dr. Mark W. Hauser will conduct two field seasons of archaeological excavations in Dominica, British West Indies. The team brings together experts in archaeology, history, and environmental research to study slave settlements following the introduction of sugar plantation agriculture. The acquisition of new colonial territories, including Dominica, by Britain in 1763, was one moment where an entrenched population was confronted with new political and economic regimes. Within 20 years the primary colonial economy had changed, as population increased by a magnitude of 10 and many plantations began to produce crops like sugar and coffee destined for the European markets. Changes often degraded the island environment and created a crisis in food supplies. The team hopes to understand with a rich archaeological record of finds (both important and locally made everyday objects and food remains) how enslaved Africans and their children contributed and accommodated to new economic, political and environmental regimes. Specifically the team will compare the diet, market activities, and household architecture of slaves before and after Britain took over Dominica. The nature of the research questions requires basic data principally in residential areas that allow the identification of slave households, their diet, and the economic networks that were employed to furnish their households. Once these data are recovered, dating on the ground of the political transition into empire can be worked out by using time specific objects known from many previous studies. With the rich and specific archaeological collections, we hope to reconstruct the organization of plantation settlements in which owners, slaves, and managers each had important roles to play. Specific tasks are 1) completely survey map the region of Soufriere and the surrounding rural settlements, 2) conduct test excavations and larger excavations of house areas for a sample of houses at the settlements, 4) complete the analysis of all artifacts collected, 5) to integrate the documentary data with the survey and excavation data for academic publication and popular presentations to both American and Dominican audiences. The colonial slave life project will provide much needed substantive information that will help investigate important theoretical topics of the colonial experience. The intellectual merit of the research will be to test social and economic theories of power and methods of identifying the material contributions of ordinary people, two issues confronting contemporary archaeology. The broader impacts of the study are that it will produce new information about Caribbean history. Since no project has focused solely on how environmental and economic changes associated with sugar cane production affected common people, the substantial increase in knowledge will provide the possibility major revisions in the scientific understanding of colonization and slavery. Caribbean and U.S. students will participate in the project to enhance their training and increase their knowledge of Caribbean history and the material and intellectual contributions of Africans in the Americas.

在发展中国家的许多地区，数以百万计的人居住在高度分层社会的农村环境中 - 例如，印度就是一个很好的例子。随着人口规模的增加，土地的压力会增长，土地本身就会降低，从长远来看，人口如何适应？通过检查历史案例，研究人员可以在数十年的时间内检查此类过程。在这种情况下，该项目具有一般意义。马克·W·豪瑟（Mark W. Hauser）博士将在英国西印度群岛的多米尼加进行两个实地考古发掘季节。该团队汇集了考古，历史和环境研究专家，在引入糖种植园农业后研究奴隶定居点。 1763年，英国在包括多米尼加在内的新殖民地领地的收购是一个瞬间，根深蒂固的人口面临着新的政治和经济制度。 在20年之内，主要的殖民经济变化了，随着人口的数量增长10级，许多种植园开始生产诸如糖和咖啡等农作物。变化经常使岛屿环境降低，并在食品供应中造成了危机。该小组希望通过丰富的发现发现（重要的和当地制造的日常物品和食物）来理解奴役的非洲人及其子女如何为新的经济，政治和环境制度做出贡献并适应。具体来说，该团队将比较英国接管多米尼加之前和之后的奴隶的饮食，市场活动和家庭建筑。研究问题的性质需要主要在居住区域中的基本数据，这些数据允许识别奴隶家庭，饮食和用于提供家庭家庭的经济网络。恢复了这些数据后，可以通过使用许多以前的研究中知道的时间特定对象来解决以政治过渡为帝国的约会。借助丰富而特定的考古收藏，我们希望重建种植园定居点的组织，其中所有者，奴隶和经理人都有重要的作用。具体任务是1）完全调查绘制Soufriere的区域和周围的农村定居点，2）进行测试发掘和房屋区域的较大发掘，以供定居点的房屋样本，4）完成对所有收集的文物的分析，5），以将文献数据与学术数据与学术数据和流行的介绍相结合，以使其与American和Poculation Audiencencence一起融合。殖民地奴隶生命项目将提供急需的实质信息，这将有助于研究殖民经验的重要理论主题。这项研究的智力优点将是检验权力的社会和经济理论，以及确定普通人的物质贡献的方法，这是当代考古学面临的两个问题。 该研究的广泛影响是它将产生有关加勒比历史的新信息。由于没有任何项目仅关注与甘蔗生产有关的环境和经济变化如何影响普通民众，因此知识的实质性增加将为科学理解殖民和奴隶制提供重大修改。加勒比和美国学生将参加该项目，以增强他们的培训，并提高他们对加勒比历史的了解以及非洲人在美洲的物质和知识贡献。