Chronological Change In Domestic Economy And Provisioning Strategy

在发展中世界的许多地区，数百万人生活在高度分化的社会的农村环境中--例如，印度就是一个很好的例子。随着人口规模的增加，对土地的压力增加，土地本身变得退化，从长远来看，人口如何适应？通过对历史案例的研究，研究人员可以研究几十年来的这种过程。在这一背景下，这个项目具有普遍的意义。马克·W·豪泽博士将与一个国际团队一起，在英属西印度群岛的多米尼加进行两个野外考古发掘季节。该小组汇集了考古学、历史学和环境研究方面的专家，研究糖料种植园农业引入后的奴隶定居点。1763年，英国获得了包括多米尼加在内的新的殖民地领土，这是一个根深蒂固的人民面临新的政治和经济制度的时刻。在20年内，主要的殖民经济发生了变化，人口增加了10人，许多种植园开始生产糖和咖啡等作物，目的地是欧洲市场。变化往往使岛屿环境恶化，并造成粮食供应危机。该小组希望通过丰富的考古发现记录(包括重要的和当地制造的日常物品和食物残留物)了解被奴役的非洲人及其子女是如何为新的经济、政治和环境制度做出贡献和适应的。具体地说，该团队将比较英国接管多米尼克前后奴隶的饮食、市场活动和家庭建筑。研究问题的性质需要基本数据，主要是居民区的数据，以便识别奴隶家庭、他们的饮食以及为他们的家庭提供服务的经济网络。一旦这些数据被恢复，就可以通过使用许多先前研究中已知的特定于时间的对象来计算出政治过渡到帝国的时间。通过丰富而具体的考古收藏，我们希望重建种植园聚落的组织，在其中，所有者、奴隶和管理者都扮演着重要的角色。具体任务是1)完整绘制SouFriere地区和周围农村住区的测量图，2)对住区的房屋样本进行房屋面积的测试挖掘和更大规模的挖掘，4)完成对收集的所有文物的分析，5)将文献数据与测量和挖掘数据结合起来，用于学术出版和向美国和多米尼加观众进行流行演示。殖民奴隶生活项目将提供急需的实质性信息，这些信息将有助于调查殖民经历的重要理论问题。这项研究的学术价值将是检验关于权力的社会和经济理论，以及确定普通人物质贡献的方法，这是当代考古学面临的两个问题。这项研究的更广泛影响是，它将产生关于加勒比历史的新信息。由于没有一个项目只关注与甘蔗生产有关的环境和经济变化对普通人的影响，知识的大幅增加将使人们有可能对殖民和奴隶制的科学理解进行重大修订。加勒比和美国学生将参加该项目，以加强他们的培训，增加他们对加勒比历史以及美洲非洲人的物质和智力贡献的知识。

In many regions of the developing world millions of people live in rural environments in highly stratified societies - India, for example, is a case in point. As population size increases, pressure on the land grows and the land itself becomes degraded, how can populations adapt over the long run? Through the examination of historical cases researchers can examine such processes over the course of decades. This project gains general significance within that context.With an international team, Dr. Mark W. Hauser will conduct two field seasons of archaeological excavations in Dominica, British West Indies. The team brings together experts in archaeology, history, and environmental research to study slave settlements following the introduction of sugar plantation agriculture. The acquisition of new colonial territories, including Dominica, by Britain in 1763, was one moment where an entrenched population was confronted with new political and economic regimes. Within 20 years the primary colonial economy had changed, as population increased by a magnitude of 10 and many plantations began to produce crops like sugar and coffee destined for the European markets. Changes often degraded the island environment and created a crisis in food supplies. The team hopes to understand with a rich archaeological record of finds (both important and locally made everyday objects and food remains) how enslaved Africans and their children contributed and accommodated to new economic, political and environmental regimes. Specifically the team will compare the diet, market activities, and household architecture of slaves before and after Britain took over Dominica. The nature of the research questions requires basic data principally in residential areas that allow the identification of slave households, their diet, and the economic networks that were employed to furnish their households. Once these data are recovered, dating on the ground of the political transition into empire can be worked out by using time specific objects known from many previous studies. With the rich and specific archaeological collections, we hope to reconstruct the organization of plantation settlements in which owners, slaves, and managers each had important roles to play. Specific tasks are 1) completely survey map the region of Soufriere and the surrounding rural settlements, 2) conduct test excavations and larger excavations of house areas for a sample of houses at the settlements, 4) complete the analysis of all artifacts collected, 5) to integrate the documentary data with the survey and excavation data for academic publication and popular presentations to both American and Dominican audiences. The colonial slave life project will provide much needed substantive information that will help investigate important theoretical topics of the colonial experience. The intellectual merit of the research will be to test social and economic theories of power and methods of identifying the material contributions of ordinary people, two issues confronting contemporary archaeology. The broader impacts of the study are that it will produce new information about Caribbean history. Since no project has focused solely on how environmental and economic changes associated with sugar cane production affected common people, the substantial increase in knowledge will provide the possibility major revisions in the scientific understanding of colonization and slavery. Caribbean and U.S. students will participate in the project to enhance their training and increase their knowledge of Caribbean history and the material and intellectual contributions of Africans in the Americas.