Chronological Change In Domestic Economy And Provisioning Strategy

在发展中国家的许多地区，数以百万计的人生活在高度分层的社会的农村环境中——例如，印度就是一个很好的例子。随着人口规模的增加，对土地的压力增加，土地本身变得退化，从长远来看，人口如何适应？通过对历史案例的研究，研究人员可以在几十年的过程中研究这些过程。该项目在这种背景下具有普遍意义。马克·w·豪泽博士将与一支国际团队一起，在英属西印度群岛的多米尼加进行两次考古发掘。该团队汇集了考古学、历史学和环境研究方面的专家，研究蔗糖种植农业引入后的奴隶定居点。1763年，英国获得了包括多米尼加在内的新殖民地，这是根深蒂固的民众面对新的政治和经济体制的时刻。20年内，殖民地的主要经济发生了变化，人口增长了10倍，许多种植园开始生产面向欧洲市场的糖和咖啡等作物。变化往往使岛屿环境退化，并造成粮食供应危机。该团队希望通过丰富的考古发现记录（包括重要的和当地制造的日常用品和食物遗迹）来了解被奴役的非洲人和他们的孩子是如何为新的经济、政治和环境制度做出贡献和适应的。具体来说，该团队将比较英国占领多米尼加前后奴隶的饮食、市场活动和家庭建筑。研究问题的性质主要需要居民区的基本数据，这些数据可以识别奴隶家庭、他们的饮食和为家庭提供所需的经济网络。一旦这些数据被恢复，就可以通过使用许多先前研究中已知的特定时间对象来确定政治过渡到帝国的时间。利用丰富而具体的考古收藏，我们希望重建种植园定居点的组织，其中所有者，奴隶和管理者各自发挥重要作用。具体任务是：1)对Soufriere地区和周边农村居民点进行全面调查，2)对居民点房屋样本进行测试挖掘和更大规模的房屋区域挖掘，4)完成对收集到的所有文物的分析，5)将文献数据与调查和挖掘数据相结合，以供学术出版和向美国和多米尼加观众进行流行演讲。殖民地奴隶生活项目将提供急需的实质性信息，这将有助于调查殖民地经验的重要理论课题。这项研究的智力价值在于检验权力的社会和经济理论，以及确定普通人物质贡献的方法，这是当代考古学面临的两个问题。这项研究更广泛的影响在于，它将提供有关加勒比历史的新信息。由于没有一个项目只关注与甘蔗生产有关的环境和经济变化如何影响普通人，因此知识的大幅增加将有可能对殖民和奴隶制的科学理解进行重大修订。加勒比和美国的学生将参加该项目，以加强他们的培训，增加他们对加勒比历史和非洲人在美洲的物质和智力贡献的知识。

In many regions of the developing world millions of people live in rural environments in highly stratified societies - India, for example, is a case in point. As population size increases, pressure on the land grows and the land itself becomes degraded, how can populations adapt over the long run? Through the examination of historical cases researchers can examine such processes over the course of decades. This project gains general significance within that context.With an international team, Dr. Mark W. Hauser will conduct two field seasons of archaeological excavations in Dominica, British West Indies. The team brings together experts in archaeology, history, and environmental research to study slave settlements following the introduction of sugar plantation agriculture. The acquisition of new colonial territories, including Dominica, by Britain in 1763, was one moment where an entrenched population was confronted with new political and economic regimes. Within 20 years the primary colonial economy had changed, as population increased by a magnitude of 10 and many plantations began to produce crops like sugar and coffee destined for the European markets. Changes often degraded the island environment and created a crisis in food supplies. The team hopes to understand with a rich archaeological record of finds (both important and locally made everyday objects and food remains) how enslaved Africans and their children contributed and accommodated to new economic, political and environmental regimes. Specifically the team will compare the diet, market activities, and household architecture of slaves before and after Britain took over Dominica. The nature of the research questions requires basic data principally in residential areas that allow the identification of slave households, their diet, and the economic networks that were employed to furnish their households. Once these data are recovered, dating on the ground of the political transition into empire can be worked out by using time specific objects known from many previous studies. With the rich and specific archaeological collections, we hope to reconstruct the organization of plantation settlements in which owners, slaves, and managers each had important roles to play. Specific tasks are 1) completely survey map the region of Soufriere and the surrounding rural settlements, 2) conduct test excavations and larger excavations of house areas for a sample of houses at the settlements, 4) complete the analysis of all artifacts collected, 5) to integrate the documentary data with the survey and excavation data for academic publication and popular presentations to both American and Dominican audiences. The colonial slave life project will provide much needed substantive information that will help investigate important theoretical topics of the colonial experience. The intellectual merit of the research will be to test social and economic theories of power and methods of identifying the material contributions of ordinary people, two issues confronting contemporary archaeology. The broader impacts of the study are that it will produce new information about Caribbean history. Since no project has focused solely on how environmental and economic changes associated with sugar cane production affected common people, the substantial increase in knowledge will provide the possibility major revisions in the scientific understanding of colonization and slavery. Caribbean and U.S. students will participate in the project to enhance their training and increase their knowledge of Caribbean history and the material and intellectual contributions of Africans in the Americas.