Chronological Change In Domestic Economy And Provisioning Strategy

国内经济的时间变化与供给策略

• 批准号: 1419672
• 负责人: Mark Hauser
• 金额: $ 14.71万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1419672&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Chronological; Change; Domestic; Economy; Provisioning

In many regions of the developing world millions of people live in rural environments in highly stratified societies - India, for example, is a case in point. As population size increases, pressure on the land grows and the land itself becomes degraded, how can populations adapt over the long run? Through the examination of historical cases researchers can examine such processes over the course of decades. This project gains general significance within that context.With an international team, Dr. Mark W. Hauser will conduct two field seasons of archaeological excavations in Dominica, British West Indies. The team brings together experts in archaeology, history, and environmental research to study slave settlements following the introduction of sugar plantation agriculture. The acquisition of new colonial territories, including Dominica, by Britain in 1763, was one moment where an entrenched population was confronted with new political and economic regimes. Within 20 years the primary colonial economy had changed, as population increased by a magnitude of 10 and many plantations began to produce crops like sugar and coffee destined for the European markets. Changes often degraded the island environment and created a crisis in food supplies. The team hopes to understand with a rich archaeological record of finds (both important and locally made everyday objects and food remains) how enslaved Africans and their children contributed and accommodated to new economic, political and environmental regimes. Specifically the team will compare the diet, market activities, and household architecture of slaves before and after Britain took over Dominica. The nature of the research questions requires basic data principally in residential areas that allow the identification of slave households, their diet, and the economic networks that were employed to furnish their households. Once these data are recovered, dating on the ground of the political transition into empire can be worked out by using time specific objects known from many previous studies. With the rich and specific archaeological collections, we hope to reconstruct the organization of plantation settlements in which owners, slaves, and managers each had important roles to play. Specific tasks are 1) completely survey map the region of Soufriere and the surrounding rural settlements, 2) conduct test excavations and larger excavations of house areas for a sample of houses at the settlements, 4) complete the analysis of all artifacts collected, 5) to integrate the documentary data with the survey and excavation data for academic publication and popular presentations to both American and Dominican audiences. The colonial slave life project will provide much needed substantive information that will help investigate important theoretical topics of the colonial experience. The intellectual merit of the research will be to test social and economic theories of power and methods of identifying the material contributions of ordinary people, two issues confronting contemporary archaeology. The broader impacts of the study are that it will produce new information about Caribbean history. Since no project has focused solely on how environmental and economic changes associated with sugar cane production affected common people, the substantial increase in knowledge will provide the possibility major revisions in the scientific understanding of colonization and slavery. Caribbean and U.S. students will participate in the project to enhance their training and increase their knowledge of Caribbean history and the material and intellectual contributions of Africans in the Americas.

在发展中世界的许多地区，数百万人生活在高度分层的社会的农村环境中-例如，印度就是一个很好的例子。随着人口规模的增加，对土地的压力越来越大，土地本身变得退化，人口如何长期适应？通过对历史案例的研究，研究人员可以研究几十年来的这种过程。这个项目在这个背景下具有普遍意义。豪瑟将在英属西印度群岛的多米尼克进行两个考古发掘季节。该团队汇集了考古学，历史和环境研究方面的专家，以研究甘蔗种植园农业引入后的奴隶定居点。1763年，英国获得了包括多米尼克在内的新殖民地，这是根深蒂固的人口面临新的政治和经济制度的时刻。 在20年内，殖民地的主要经济发生了变化，人口增加了10倍，许多种植园开始生产糖和咖啡等作物，运往欧洲市场。变化往往使岛屿环境退化，造成粮食供应危机。该团队希望通过丰富的考古发现记录（包括重要的和当地制造的日常物品和食物遗迹）来了解被奴役的非洲人及其子女如何为新的经济，政治和环境制度做出贡献和适应。具体来说，研究小组将比较英国接管多米尼加之前和之后奴隶的饮食，市场活动和家庭建筑。研究问题的性质要求主要是居民区的基本数据，以便确定奴隶家庭、他们的饮食以及为满足其家庭需要而雇用的经济网络。一旦这些数据被恢复，就可以通过使用许多以前研究中已知的特定时间对象来确定政治过渡到帝国的时间。通过丰富而具体的考古收藏，我们希望重建种植园定居点的组织，其中所有者，奴隶和管理者都扮演着重要的角色。具体任务是：1）完整测绘苏弗里埃地区及周边农村定居点，2）对定居点的房屋样本进行测试挖掘和更大规模的房屋区域挖掘，4）完成对收集到的所有文物的分析，5）将文献数据与调查和挖掘数据结合起来，供学术出版物和向美国和多米尼加观众的大众介绍。殖民奴隶生活项目将提供急需的实质性资料，有助于调查殖民经验的重要理论课题。这项研究的学术价值将是检验社会和经济权力理论以及确定普通人物质贡献的方法，这是当代考古学面临的两个问题。 这项研究的更广泛影响是，它将产生有关加勒比历史的新信息。由于没有一个项目只关注与甘蔗生产有关的环境和经济变化如何影响普通人，知识的大幅增加将为殖民化和奴隶制的科学理解提供重大修订的可能性。加勒比和美国学生将参加该项目，以加强他们的培训，增加他们对加勒比历史和美洲非洲人的物质和智力贡献的了解。