NeTS: Medium: Collaborative Research: A Software Defined Internet Exchange

边界网关协议 (BGP) 是用于管理和控制连接在一起形成 Internet 的单独管理的网络之间的流量的协议。 由于当前互联网的许多失败都是由于 BGP 性能不佳和功能有限造成的，因此该项目旨在探索可增量部署的方法，以利用软件定义网络 (SDN) 的强大功能来改进域间路由。 这些改进将通过负载平衡和流量工程、增强响应拒绝服务攻击的能力以及新服务（例如应用程序特定对等互连，其中两个网络仅针对某些应用程序（例如视频）交换流量）来促进更高的投资回报。 此外，该项目还将提高网络运营商根据流量跟踪和设计对等关系的能力。该项目利用互联网交换点（IXP）的重新出现来创建软件定义的交换（SDX），从根本上改变网络控制。 该项目有两大主题：（1）与BGP共存的近期解决方案； (2) 完全取代 BGP 的长期解决方案，使用 IXP 作为主要的互连模式。 就近期解决方案而言，核心知识问题探讨了单个 IXP 部署基于 SDN 的技术时可能实现的改进。 从长远来看，假设 SDX 有一天会变得更加突出，该项目正在开发用 SDX 介导的互联网完全取代 BGP 的解决方案，其中所有对等互连都发生在这些互连点上。这样的设计将使策略仅与端点（发送域和接收域）相关，并消除中间提供商的策略复杂性。该项目还在研究这些端点策略如何出现、如何完成 SDX 间路由、如何逐步部署长期设计，以及其对提供商生态系统可能产生的影响。 SDX 设计可能会为构建更稳定、更安全、更经济的互联网指明道路。

The Border Gateway Protocol(BGP) is the protocol used to administer and control the flow of traffic between the separately administered networks that connect together to form the Internet. Because many of the current failings of the Internet are due to BGP's poor performance and limited functionality, this project aims to explore incrementally deployable ways to leverage Software-Defined Networking's (SDN) power to improve interdomain routing. These improvements will facilitate higher return on investment via load balancing and traffic engineering, increased capabilities to respond to denial-of-service attacks, and new services such as application specific peering where two networks exchange traffic only for certain applications (e.g., video). Additionally, the project will improved the ability of network operators to track and engineer peering relationships based on traffic volume.This project exploits the re-emergence of Internet eXchange Points (IXPs) to create Software Defined eXchanges (SDXs) that fundamentally change network control. The project has two major themes: (1) near-term solutions that coexist with BGP; and (2) long-term solutions that replace BGP entirely, using IXPs as the dominant mode of interconnection. In terms of near-term solutions, the central intellectual question explores the improvements that are possible when a single IXP deploys SDN-based technology. Longer term, assuming that SDXes will one day become more prominent, the project is developing solutions that replace BGP entirely with an SDX-mediated Internet, where all peering takes place at these interconnection points. Such a design would make policy only relevant to the endpoints (the sending and receiving domains) and would eliminate policy complications from intermediate providers. The project is also investigating how these endpoint policies might emerge, how the inter-SDX routing is done, how the longer-term design might be incrementally deployed, and what its impact might be in the provider ecosystem. The SDX design may point the way to a more stable, secure, and economically sound Internet.