New Approaches for Spatial Distribution Dynamics

空间分布动力学的新方法

• 批准号: 1421935
• 负责人: Sergio Rey
• 金额: $ 26.5万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1421935&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: New; Approaches; Spatial; Distribution; Dynamics

This research project will improve understanding of spatial inequality dynamics through methodological advances in measurement and modeling. Understanding the nature of spatial inequality dynamics is vital to both basic social science and to public policy, yet existing methods and models provide incomplete views of these spatial dynamics. While a central focus of inequality research has been on the evolution of the aggregate income distribution, much less attention has been directed at the spatial pattern of inequality and pattern dynamics. Spatial inequalities can have important implications for social cohesion, economic growth, and the design of policies targeted at reducing the level of inequality. The advances produced in the project will have wide applicability. In addition to spatial income inequality dynamics, many other social and economic phenomena have distributions that evolve in space and time. Software packages will be delivered as open-source projects and accompanied with extensive tutorials and documentation to facilitate broad dissemination across the social sciences.This research project will develop new analytical methods for the study of spatial dynamics of income inequality; specifically, new approaches will be developed to measuring changes in the distributional characteristics of those dynamics that incorporate their spatial dependence and heterogeneity. The new approaches will include both global measures that report summary properties of the spatial dynamics as well as local indicators that can be used to identify hot-spots of locations that are important drivers of the overall dynamics or are outliers from the global trends. Analytical and simulation based evaluations of the statistical properties of the new measures will be conducted, and empirical applications involving regional income inequalities will be carried out. These new analytics will be incorporated into enhanced versions of two open-source spatial analysis packages: Python Spatial Analysis Library and Space-Time Analysis of Regional Systems. The former provides social scientists who wish to develop custom applications with access to a modular library that can be used in conjunction with existing software to enable the new space-time analytics. The latter is a user-friendly analytical and visualization package that can facilitate exploratory investigation of spatial distribution dynamics.

该研究项目将通过测量和建模方法的进步，提高对空间不平等动态的理解。 了解空间不平等动态的性质是至关重要的基础社会科学和公共政策，但现有的方法和模型提供这些空间动态的不完整的视图。 虽然不平等研究的中心重点是总收入分配的演变，但对不平等的空间格局和格局动态的关注要少得多。 空间不平等可能对社会凝聚力、经济增长和旨在减少不平等程度的政策设计产生重要影响。 该项目所取得的进展将具有广泛的适用性。 除了空间收入不平等动态之外，许多其他社会和经济现象的分布也在空间和时间上演变。 软件包将作为开放源代码项目提供，并附有广泛的教程和文件，以促进在社会科学领域的广泛传播，该研究项目将开发新的分析方法，用于研究收入不平等的空间动态;具体而言，将开发新的方法来衡量这些动态的分布特征的变化，其中包括其空间依赖性和异质性。 新方法将包括报告空间动态特性概要的全球措施，以及可用于确定作为总体动态重要驱动因素或全球趋势异常值的热点地点的地方指标。 将对新措施的统计特性进行基于分析和模拟的评价，并将进行涉及区域收入不平等的实证应用。 这些新的分析将被纳入两个开源空间分析软件包的增强版本：Python空间分析库和区域系统的时空分析。 前者为希望开发自定义应用程序的社会科学家提供了一个模块化库，可以与现有软件结合使用，以实现新的时空分析。 后者是一个用户友好的分析和可视化软件包，可以促进空间分布动态的探索性调查。