CNIC: US-Czech Project Development for Research on the Anatomy of Volcanic-Magmatic Systems

“催化新的国际合作”（CNIC）奖为项目负责人Michael Petronis和两名来自新墨西哥高地大学的美国研究生提供了前往捷克共和国（CR）的机会，并与捷克地质调查局和捷克科学院岩石结构与机制研究所的合作伙伴开展合作。美国和捷克的研究小组将共同研究Jièín火山地区古代火山的生长情况，并将这些火山与新墨西哥州北部的火山进行比较。他们的目标是得出新的范例来理解小火山的发展，被称为火山渣锥，这是地球上最常见的陆地火山特征。通过实验室研究和两个或更多捷克火山遗址的实地研究，美国-捷克团队打算测试小型火山建设的通用模型，这些模型将岩浆供给系统视为简单的堤坝或管道状管道，将岩浆从水库垂直输送到喷发口。他们的另一种假设认为，在这些看似简单的外表下，喂食器的几何形状要复杂得多。这一催化性的努力有望为nsf -构造学和nsf -岩石学和地球化学项目的后续合作研究和应用奠定基础，同时目标是让代表性不足的美国学生参与这些项目的未来领域和实验室方面，从而为下一代具有早期国际研究经验的地球科学家做出贡献。如果成功，新的初步数据将有助于定义预期的、更复杂的岩浆供给系统的演化，具体来说，这是一个涉及锥体下多次时间海侵注入的系统，岩浆垂直向上和向下输送，横向向中心喷口输送。该团队假设岩浆供应速率（例如，脉冲还是连续）、岩浆压力以及岩浆成分会影响次火山构造的几何形状和大厦的变形。他们的实地方法将包括对喷发产物、沉积物特征、结构测量以及样品收集的初步实地观察。实验室方法包括薄片岩石学、古磁学、各向异性磁化率分析和地球物理测量来绘制地下结构图。在这些活动中与捷克同事合作获得的新数据将能够初步评估岩浆流动模式、次火山变形（微观结构和古地磁）和火山的地下结构（地球物理学）。如果捷克共和国的火山产生的结果和数据与PI先前研究的地点相似，那么美国-捷克团队认为，这种岩浆在小火山下流动的模式可能会被建立为一种新的规范，可能会改变我们对地球上最丰富的火山结构的基本理解。

This award for Catalyzing New International Collaborations(CNIC) provides the PI, Michael Petronis, and two U.S. graduate students from New Mexico Highlands University with an opportunity to travel to the Czech Republic (CR) and initiate a collaboration with partners from the Czech Geological Survey and the Czech Academy of Sciences' Institute of Rock Structures and Mechanisms. Together the U.S.-Czech team will examine the growth of ancient volcanoes in the Jièín Volcanic Field, CR, and compare those volcanoes to ones in northern New Mexico. Their goal is to derive new paradigms for understanding the development of small volcanoes, known as cinder cones, which are the most common terrestrial volcanic feature on Earth. Through laboratory studies and field research at two or more Czech volcanic sites, the US-Czech team intends to test common models of small volcano construction that treat the magma feeder system as a simple dike or pipe-like conduit that transports magma vertically from a reservoir to the eruptive vent. Their alternative hypothesis maintains that feeder geometries beneath these apparently simple exteriors are considerably more complex. This catalytic effort is expected to establish essential ground work for follow-on cooperative research and applications to NSF-Tectonics and NSF-Petrology and Geochemistry programs with the parallel goal of involving under-represented U.S. students in futue field and laboraroty aspects of such projects, thereby contributing to the next generation of geoscientists, with early career international research experience.If successful, new preliminary data should assist with defining the evolution of the anticipated, more complex magma feeder system, specifically, one that involves multiple, time-transgressive injections beneath the cone with magma transported vertically upward and downward and laterally toward and away from the central vent conduit. The team hypothesizes that magma supply rate (e.g., pulsed versus continuous), magma pressure as well as magma composition, influence the subvolcanic construction geometries and edifice deformation. Their field methods will include primary field observations of eruption products, deposit characteristics, and structural measurements, as well as sample collection. Laboratory methods are to include thin section petrology, paleomagnetic, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis, and geophysical surveys to map the subsurface structure. The new data obtained during these activities in partnership with Czech colleagues will enable preliminary assessments of magmatic flow patterns, sub-volcanic deformation (microstructures and paleomagnetism), and the subsurface structure of the volcanoes (geophysics). If the Czech Republic volcanoes yield results and data similar to that from sites previously studied by the PI, then the U.S.-Czech team maintains that this pattern of magma flow beneath small volcanoes may be established as a new norm, potentially transforming our fundamental understanding of the most abundant volcanic construct on Earth.