Doctoral Dissertation Research: Social, Economic and Legal Factors Influencing Human Rights Violations by Non-State Actors

博士论文研究：影响非国家行为者侵犯人权的社会、经济和法律因素

• 批准号: 1423835
• 负责人: Anthony Gill
• 金额: $ 2.86万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-15 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1423835&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Social; Economic

Existing literature suggests that insurgents, paramilitaries, rebels and other non-state armed groups use violence strategically to obtain group objectives. Yet, what influences the armed group's choice among the various types of human rights violations it targets the civilian population with? This project addresses analyzes the political-economic and legal factors underlying armed groups' strategic use of human rights violations. It hypothesizes that armed groups use and vary the violations they commit in order to manipulate civilians to behave in ways that, first, maintain and maximize the armed group's funding sources, and second, evade prosecution. Using qualitative case studies and quantitative statistical analysis of Colombian non-state armed groups, the project examines how the incentive structures created by an armed group's funding sources and prosecution levels influence its selection or avoidance of various human rights violations. The proposed research contributes to interdisciplinary research relevant to human rights studies, criminology, legal studies and security studies, with specific relevance to the literature on political violence and civilian targeting. It provides generalizable results extending well beyond the Colombian case, since all armed groups rely on funding and strive to escape credible prosecution. Thus, the results will interest those dealing with questions of civilian welfare, security and defense in Latin America and beyond. The project also reveals the relative influence of political economic and legal factors, ultimately identifying warning signs of particular human rights violations. This information should assist policy makers, human rights advocates, law enforcement agencies and governmental and non-governmental organizations, prioritize efforts to more efficiently and effectively protect vulnerable civilians. This ultimately impacts security and defense, as more effective protection prevents civilians from forming self-defense forces whose violence could further complicate peace processes and prolong civil conflicts.

现有文献表明，叛乱分子、准军事人员、叛乱分子和其他非国家武装团体战略性地使用暴力来实现团体目标。然而，是什么影响了武装团体在针对平民的各类侵犯人权行为中作出选择？ 该项目旨在分析武装团体战略性地利用侵犯人权行为背后的政治经济和法律的因素。 报告假设，武装团体利用和改变其侵犯行为，以操纵平民的行为方式，第一，维持和最大限度地利用武装团体的资金来源，第二，逃避起诉。 该项目利用哥伦比亚非国家武装团体的定性案例研究和定量统计分析，审查武装团体的资金来源和起诉水平所建立的激励结构如何影响其选择或避免各种侵犯人权行为。 拟议的研究有助于与人权研究、犯罪学、法律的研究和安全研究有关的跨学科研究，特别是与政治暴力和以平民为目标的文献有关的研究。 它提供的普遍结果远远超出了哥伦比亚的情况，因为所有武装团体都依赖资金，并努力逃避可信的起诉。因此，研究结果将使那些处理拉丁美洲及其他地区平民福利、安全和防务问题的人感兴趣。 该项目还揭示了政治、经济和法律的因素的相对影响，最终确定了特定侵犯人权行为的预警信号。 这些信息应有助于决策者、人权倡导者、执法机构以及政府和非政府组织确定优先事项，以便更有效地保护易受伤害的平民。 这最终会影响安全和防务，因为更有效的保护可以防止平民组建自卫队，而自卫队的暴力行为可能会使和平进程进一步复杂化，并延长国内冲突。