Child Maltreatment and Long-Term Memory

虐待儿童和长期记忆

• 批准号: 1424420
• 负责人: Gail Goodman
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2020-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1424420&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Child; Maltreatment; Long; Term; Memory

Some of the most serious crimes investigated by the legal system involve adults' memories of traumatic childhood experiences. Laws that permit adults to initiate criminal and civil actions about childhood victimization have raised scientific and legal interest in eyewitness identification of persons involved in acts that occurred decades ago. The present study will help guide theory and application when adults exposed to early trauma are asked to identify perpetrators of legally relevant actions experienced in childhood. The justice system will profit from development of scientifically based techniques to better ensure the accuracy of eyewitness identifications after long delays. The study will also aid the judiciary by providing guidance about the validity of techniques in cases where victims are asked to identify perpetrators from childhood.This research examines whether false identifications can be minimized through scientifically based techniques incorporated into a widely used, science-based interview protocol, called the Cognitive Interview. The research goals are to examine: (a) effects of the Cognitive Interview with mental and context reinstatement on eyewitness identification in adults who have documented histories of childhood trauma; (b) effects of prior interviews and lineups in childhood versus no initial interviews or lineups on adults' long-term recognition memory; and (c) individual-difference predictors of photo identification accuracy after a 20 year delay. The research benefits from a prospective-longitudinal study of a large sample of child victims. Researchers will collect a second wave of data (Time 2) on these participants assessed earlier as children (Time 1). Participants' abilities to correctly identify Time 1 individuals will be assessed at Time 2 along with the participants' confidence of the identifications. Individual differences measured at Time 1 and 2 will be analyzed to determine predictors of accuracy. This innovative project provides much needed longitudinal information on eyewitness memory in adults with histories of childhood trauma.

法律的系统调查的一些最严重的罪行涉及成年人对童年创伤经历的记忆。允许成年人就儿童受害问题提起刑事和民事诉讼的法律，引起了科学和法律的兴趣，希望目击者能够指认参与几十年前发生的行为的人。本研究将有助于指导理论和应用时，暴露于早期创伤的成年人被要求确定肇事者的法律相关的行动经历在童年。司法系统将受益于发展以科学为基础的技术，以更好地确保在长时间拖延之后目击证人身份的准确性。该研究还将通过在要求受害者从童年起识别肇事者的情况下提供技术有效性的指导来帮助司法部门。该研究探讨了是否可以通过将基于科学的技术纳入广泛使用的基于科学的访谈协议（称为认知访谈）来最大限度地减少错误识别。研究目标是：（a）在有记录的童年创伤史的成年人中，具有心理和背景恢复的认知访谈对目击者识别的影响;（B）在童年时的先前访谈和列队与没有初始访谈或列队对成年人长期识别记忆的影响;以及（c）20年延迟后照片识别准确性的个体差异预测因子。这项研究得益于对大量儿童受害者进行的前瞻性纵向研究。研究人员将收集第二波数据（时间2），这些参与者在儿童时期（时间1）进行评估。将在时间2沿着评估参与者正确识别时间1个体的能力以及参与者对识别的信心。将分析在时间1和2测量的个体差异，以确定准确度的预测因子。这个创新的项目提供了急需的纵向信息目击者的记忆在成人与历史的童年创伤。