Memory for Repeated Events

重复的经验如何影响人类记忆是认知科学中的一个基本问题，适用于教育，培训和法律问题。由于事件和背景往往会随着时间的推移而改变，重复的经验很少与先前的经验相同，而是包含早期经验的元素。科学已经证实，先前的经验通常会影响对后来发生的变化的记忆。有时这种影响是有益的，有时它是有害的，以后的记忆。虽然有些事件包含了先前经历的重复元素，但它们比全新的事件更容易被记住，而另一些事件实际上比全新的事件更难被记住。该项目旨在更好地理解为什么一些以前的经验促进了对这些经验的后来变体的记忆，而其他人似乎反而干扰了它。该研究与有效学习计划和培训系统的发展以及教育实践有关。一个影响早期经验的后期变体是否会比新经验更好或更差的因素是重复的元素是否会让人想起早期经验。如果提醒发生，重复的事件比新事件更好地记住;如果提醒失败，重复的事件实际上比新事件更糟糕。到目前为止，科学界关于重复的经历如何影响记忆的研究，大部分都是基于测试表现，其中包括对提示的控制性记忆尝试。然而，在日常生活中，提醒往往是由正在进行的经验中的线索自发引起的，而没有明确的测试来提醒人们记住。这个项目将采用实验操作之间的关系，早期和后期的事件，以确定什么elebrilled自发提醒，如何自发提醒不同于故意尝试记住，以及这两种类型的提醒如何影响后来的记忆。这项研究将增加对人类记忆过程在持续经历中的运作的理解，以及这些过程对后来记忆的影响。

How repeated experiences affect human memory is a fundamental question in cognitive science that is applicable to issues in education, training, and law. Because events and contexts tend to change over time, repeated experiences are rarely identical to prior experiences, but instead contain elements of earlier experiences. Science has established that a prior experience with something will generally affect memory for a later variant of its occurrence. Sometimes this effect is beneficial and sometimes it is detrimental to later memory. Whereas some events that contain repeated elements of prior experiences are remembered better than events that are completely new, others are actually remembered more poorly than events that are new. This project aims to better understand why some previous experiences facilitate memory for later variants of those experiences and others instead seem to interfere with it. The research has relevance to the development of effective learning programs and training systems, as well as to educational practice. One factor shown to impact whether a later variant of an earlier experience will be remembered better or worse than a new experience is whether the repeated elements remind the person of the earlier experience or not. If reminding occurs, the repeated event is remembered better than a new event; if reminding fails, the repeated event is actually remembered worse than a new event. Much of what science has established thus far about how repeated experiences affect memory is based on test performance, which involves controlled attempts to remember in response to prompts. Yet in everyday life, reminding is often brought on spontaneously by cues in ongoing experience, without a test explicitly prompting the person to remember. This project will employ experimental manipulations of the relations between earlier and later events to determine what elicits spontaneous reminding, how spontaneous reminding differs from deliberate attempts to remember, and how these two types of reminding affect later memory. This research will increase understanding of the operation of human memory processes across ongoing experience, and the impact that these processes have on later memory.