Collaborative Research: Vulnerable Transitions and Cumulative Embodied Stress Among Teens in High-Risk, High Stakes Pastoralism

合作研究：高风险、高风险畜牧业青少年的脆弱转变和累积压力

• 批准号: 1430790
• 负责人: Ivy Pike
• 金额: $ 15.74万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1430790&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Vulnerable; Transitions; Cumulative

The years between childhood and adulthood are universally recognized as a stage in normal human development. But despite the fact that scientists know that adolescence is understood and experienced differently in different cultures and societies, most studies of adolescents have taken place in Western societies. Therefore, much remains unknown about this significant period of human development. For this reason, anthropologists have recently directed increased attention to studying adolescents cross-culturally. This particular award is to a research team who ask a particularly important and timely question about the adolescent years: what are the effects of growing up in a violent environment? Unfortunately, violence is part of the daily reality for many adolescents around the world, including many in the United States. Examining the effects of violence on the adolescent years in a non-Western context will allow social scientists and policy makers to differentiate between effects that are local and cultural, and those that are universal, which is essential for developing effective strategies for buffering the effects of violence on adolescents wherever they might live. The research team is comprised of cultural anthropologist Dr. Bilinda S. Straight (Western Michigan University) and biological anthropologist Dr. Ivy L. Pike (University of Arizona). The research will be carried out in a conflict-ridden pastoralist zone of East Africa where the researchers have previously collected comparative, longitudinal data on 215 households in pastoralist communities that vary by their exposure to violence. The researchers will build on that data with a sample of 660 young people. They will (1) examine the daily movements of adolescent girls and boys (ages 10-19) between settlement and pasture, cattle camp, and other activity sites; (2) monitor energy expenditure with fitness tracking devices and activity recall combined with nutritional assessments using anthropometry and dietary recall; (3) measure adolescent psychosocial stress through multiple bio-markers, validated assessment instruments, and intensive ethnographic interviews; and (4) elicit the choices, explanations, and emotions of adolescent boys and girls in the context of their varied daily experiences.

儿童期和成年期之间的这几年被普遍认为是人类正常发展的一个阶段。但是，尽管科学家们知道，在不同的文化和社会中，对青春期的理解和体验是不同的，但大多数关于青少年的研究都发生在西方社会。因此，对这一人类发展的重要时期仍有许多未知之处。因此，人类学家近来越来越重视对青少年跨文化的研究。这个特别的奖项是给一个研究小组的，他们提出了一个关于青少年时期的特别重要和及时的问题：在暴力环境中长大会产生什么影响？不幸的是，暴力是世界各地许多青少年，包括美国许多青少年日常生活的一部分。在非西方环境下研究暴力对青少年的影响，将使社会科学家和决策者能够区分地方和文化影响与普遍影响，这对于制定有效战略，缓解暴力对青少年的影响至关重要，无论他们生活在哪里。该研究小组由文化人类学家比琳达·S博士组成。直（西密歇根大学）和生物人类学家博士艾薇L。派克（亚利桑那大学）。 这项研究将在东非一个充满冲突的牧民地区进行，研究人员此前收集了牧民社区215个家庭的纵向比较数据，这些家庭因遭受暴力而异。研究人员将在660名年轻人的样本中建立这些数据。他们将（1）研究青春期女孩和男孩的日常活动（2）使用健身跟踪设备和活动回忆结合使用人体测量和饮食回忆的营养评估来监测能量消耗;（3）通过多种生物标志物、有效的评估工具和密集的民族志访谈来测量青少年的心理社会压力;（4）引出青少年在日常生活中的选择、解释和情感。