Doctoral Dissertation Research: Competition Theory, Conflict, and Indigenous Peoples

博士论文研究：竞争理论、冲突和土著人民

• 批准号: 1433629
• 负责人: David Snow
• 金额: $ 1.05万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1433629&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Competition; Theory

This research explores the structural and collective determinants of ethnic violence against indigenous peoples in California, from 1850 to 1865. In this context, violence encompasses killings resulting from both state operations and civilian lynch mobs, vigilante parties, and individual homicides. By employing a "mediated competition" approach, which argues that structural sources of potential grievance formation are a necessary but insufficient basis for violent ethnic mobilization, this research focuses on how actors mobilized in various ways, with varying degrees of lethality, to suppress the indigenous population of the state. Analytically, this research employs a unique multi-methods approach. First, to explain variability in the timing and intensity of violent victimization, the investigators will construct an original historical dataset that documents roughly 780 incidents of anti-indigenous violence in the state, as well as relevant county-level political, economic, and demographic conditions. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) will be employed to specify the precise ways in which these structural determinants combined with meso-level mechanisms to produce varying levels of indigenous victimization in different counties and regions. Next, using formal techniques, the fsQCA results will be used to specify theoretically relevant regions that represent divergent "micro-climates" of violent mobilization. Detailed qualitative data on these regions will then be used to compliment structural insights with an exploration of meso-level mechanisms that either facilitated or inhibited mobilization.Because of the potential scholarly and evidentiary value of the project's original historical dataset, the investigators will make the quantitative dataset and relevant qualitative materials accessible to teachers, educators, and the public. It will also produce scholarly material augmenting a growing historical literature on American colonial violence in California, with a systematic and theoretically informed account of specific patterns of violent mobilization among different state and civic actors. Research findings and data will be disseminated in a manner to support research, education, policy and community organizing related to historical indigenous justice topics and contemporary remedial efforts. Results can inform the work of a wide range of social science scholars working on ethnic repression and violence in societies transitioning to democracy.

本研究探讨了1850年至1865年加州对土著人民的种族暴力的结构性和集体性决定因素。在这种情况下，暴力包括国家行动和平民私刑暴民、私刑党和个人杀人造成的杀戮。通过采用“介导竞争”的方法，该方法认为潜在不满形成的结构性来源是暴力种族动员的必要但不充分的基础，本研究重点关注行为者如何以各种方式动员起来，具有不同程度的杀伤力，以镇压土著居民国家的人口。在分析上，本研究采用了独特的多方法方法。首先，为了解释暴力受害的时间和强度的变化，调查人员将构建一个原始的历史数据集，记录该州大约780起反土著暴力事件，以及相关的县级政治，经济和人口状况。将采用模糊集定性比较分析，以具体说明这些结构性决定因素与中观机制相结合，在不同国家和地区造成不同程度的土著受害的确切方式。接下来，使用正式的技术，fsQCA的结果将被用来指定理论上相关的地区，代表不同的“微气候”的暴力动员。这些地区的详细定性数据将被用来补充结构性的见解，探索促进或抑制动员的中观机制。由于该项目的原始历史数据集具有潜在的学术和证据价值，研究人员将使教师，教育工作者和公众能够获得定量数据集和相关的定性材料。它还将产生学术材料，以增加关于加州美国殖民暴力的越来越多的历史文献，对不同州和公民行为者之间暴力动员的具体模式进行系统和理论上的知情说明。将传播研究结果和数据，以支持与历史上的土著司法专题和当代补救努力有关的研究、教育、政策和社区组织。研究结果可以为致力于向民主过渡的社会中的种族压迫和暴力的广泛的社会科学学者的工作提供信息。