Two Phase Flow Modeling of Wind Influences on Wave Breaking

波浪破碎对于将风中的能量转移到海洋中，以及消散波浪场中包含的部分能量是至关重要的。然而，这一过程中涉及的详细的三维动力学在数值模型中解决得很差。该项目将改进一种高分辨率的建模方法，将空气和水中的运动都表示在同一个建模框架中，并随着波浪的演变准确地捕获两侧界面的瞬时位置。这一模型将首次应用于浅海造波。这项研究的结果将有助于从根本上理解在公海和冲浪区的波浪破碎过程中空气和水之间的双向耦合。这将极大地促进我们对斜风和逆风对破浪影响的理解。这项计划亦包括向学生和公众推广海岸问题和STEM地区。这项建议的研究目标是调查消浪过程中的能量耗散，并特别注意风的影响。斜风和逆风对断裂的影响目前还知之甚少，将在这项研究中进行检验。基于研究人员在剧烈自由表面流动计算流体力学模拟方面的经验，采用具有新颖的界面捕捉方案和大涡模拟模型的三维两相流动Navier-Stokes求解器将用于求解破碎波界面处的完全耦合的空气和水的动力学。这项工作将是首次尝试利用三维两相流和大涡模拟模型来研究从深水到浅水的波浪破碎过程中海气相互作用的演变。这也将是第一次全面研究海浪和波浪带内的海气相互作用，以及斜风和逆风对破浪的影响。研究结果将提高风暴潮破碎引起的能量耗散、风浪动量和能量交换的参数化程度。该项目将吸引缅因州农村地区的初中和高中女孩参与，并通过缅因州大学既定的外联计划鼓励她们从事科学和工程职业。

Wave-breaking is of critical importance for transferring energy from wind into the ocean, and for dissipating some of the energy contained in the wave field. However, the detailed, three-dimensional dynamics involved in this process is poorly resolved in numerical models. This project will improve a high-resolution modeling approach in which the motions in both the air and water side are represented in the same modeling framework, and the instantaneous location of the interface between the two sides is accurately captured as the wave evolves. This model will be applied to shoaling waves for the first time. The results from this study will lead to a fundamental understanding of the two-way coupling between air and water during wave breaking in the open ocean and the surf zone. It will significantly advance our understanding of the effect of oblique and opposing wind on breaking waves. The project will also include outreach efforts to students and general public about coastal issues and STEM areas.The research objective of this proposal is to investigate the energy dissipation during wave breaking with special attention to the influences of wind. The effect of oblique and opposing wind on breaking is currently poorly understood and will be examined in this study. Building upon the investigators previous experience in computational fluid dynamics modeling of violent free surface flow, a three-dimensional two-phase flow Navier Stokes Solver with a novel interface capturing scheme and Large Eddy Simulation model will be used to resolve the fully coupled dynamics of air and water at the interface of a breaking wave. This work will be the first attempt to investigate the evolution of air-sea interaction during wave breaking from deep to shallow water using a three-dimensional two-phase flow and a Large Eddy Simulation model. It will also be the first comprehensive study of air-sea interaction within the surf and swash zone and the effect of oblique and opposing wind on breaking waves. The results from this study will improve the parameterization of breaking induced energy dissipation, momentum and energy exchange between wind and waves and storm surge. The project will engage middle- and high-school girls, from rural areas of Maine and encourage them to careers in science and engineering through an established outreach program at University of Maine.