Collaborative Research: First Scientific Priorities from the ARM West Antarctic Radiation Experiment

合作研究：ARM 西南极辐射实验的首要科学重点

• 批准号: 1443495
• 负责人: Johannes Verlinde
• 金额: $ 24.2万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1443495&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; First; Scientific; Priorities

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is a rapidly warming region of the Earth. Its stability under projected warming scenarios is inextricably linked with future global sea level rise. There have been only modest ground based atmospheric science or climatological field observations collected in West Antarctica since that undertaken during the era of the 1957 International Geophysical Year. Satellite imagery and meteorological reanalysis indicate that West Antarctica is highly susceptible to continental advection of warm and moist maritime air and cloud cover, depending on the location and strength of climatological low pressure cells in the Amundsen, Ross, and Bellingshausen Seas. There is a need to quantify the role of these changing air masses have on the surface energy balance, including radiation components and cloud radiative forcing terms, and to identify distant teleconnections with lower latitudes, such as the North Atlantic and the tropics. The research proposed herein, at McMurdo and at WAIS divide, is organized in two thrusts: (1) Empirical determination of the energy balance on the WAIS divide site throughout a 75-day (austral summer) observing period, accounting for meteorological factors governing the local energy balance, and including exploration of teleconnections with lower latitudes, and, (2) Determination of the major categories of meteorological conditions that give rise to recurring types of cloud cover, including mixed phase clouds, and aerosol abundance over Ross Island, over an annual cycle. These measurement campaigns will be organized around the detailed protocols and advanced observing facilities enabled by the DOE ARM mobile facility (Department of Energy ? Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program). These extensive and advanced ARM microphysical data will also be used to assess how well current polar-optimized regional climate models simulate observed high latitude cloud cover.The AWARE campaign also will provide a hands-on opportunity to help high school teachers adapt to the new Next Generation Science and Engineering Standards (NGSS). AWARE science team members will also participate in annual teacher training workshops at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, involving selected San Diego Unified School District (SDUSD) master teachers.

南极西部冰盖（WAIS）是地球上一个快速变暖的区域。它在预计变暖情景下的稳定性与未来全球海平面上升密不可分。自 1957 年国际地球物理年以来，在西南极洲仅收集了少量的地面大气科学或气候实地观测数据。卫星图像和气象再分析表明，西南极洲极易受到温暖潮湿海洋空气和云层的大陆平流的影响，具体取决于阿蒙森海、罗斯海和别林斯高晋海气候低压单元的位置和强度。需要量化这些变化的气团对地表能量平衡的作用，包括辐射成分和云辐射强迫项，并确定与低纬度地区（例如北大西洋和热带地区）的遥远遥相关。本文提出的在麦克默多和 WAIS 分水岭的研究分为两个主旨：(1) 在 75 天（南半球夏季）观测期内对 WAIS 分水岭站点的能量平衡进行实证测定，考虑到控制当地能量平衡的气象因素，并包括对低纬度遥相关的探索，以及 (2) 确定引起 年度周期中重复出现的云层类型，包括混合相云和罗斯岛上空的气溶胶丰度。这些测量活动将围绕 DOE ARM 移动设施（能源部？大气辐射测量计划）启用的详细协议和先进观测设施进行组织。这些广泛且先进的 ARM 微物理数据还将用于评估当前的极地优化区域气候模型模拟观测到的高纬度云层的效果。AWARE 活动还将提供一个实践机会，帮助高中教师适应新的下一代科学与工程标准 (NGSS)。 AWARE 科学团队成员还将参加斯克里普斯海洋学研究所举办的年度教师培训研讨会，其中包括选定的圣地亚哥联合学区 (SDUSD) 大师级教师。