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CCE STEM: Finding Practices that Cultivate Ethical Computing in Mobile and Wearable Application Research & Development

CCE STEM：寻找在移动和可穿戴应用研究中培养道德计算的实践

基本信息

批准号：
1449351
负责人：
Katherine Shilton
金额：
$ 60万
依托单位：
University of Maryland, College Park
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-01-01 至 2020-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1449351&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CCE STEM Finding Practices Cultivate

项目摘要

Cultivating ethical computing researchers is an ongoing challenge. Much current research focuses on framing ethics (e.g., privacy, equity, or accessibility) as explicit software design goals. This has resulted in dedicated design techniques (e.g., value sensitive design, privacy by design) meant to eliminate bias, ensure privacy, or enable accessibility. Less studied have been existing ethical cultures within software research and development. Researchers don't know when and how ethical discussions and decisions emerge within development, or what encourages these discussions and decisions. In this project the PI and her research team will study academic and commercial software research and development (R&D), to discover factors that encourage discussion and action on ethical challenges. They will then incorporate their findings into curricular materials for computer ethics, by building interactive R&D simulations both for the classroom and for massive online open courseware (MOOCs). Project outcomes will answer questions such as "What practices within mobile application research and development encourage discussion of, and decisions about, ethics?" and "How can these practices be incorporated into computer ethics education?" and also "How do simulations based on these practices impact computer ethics education?" Understanding how work practices influence ethical deliberation within software R&D will influence computing research and the design of emerging technologies by encouraging in situ ethical debate and decision-making, which in turn will cultivate ethical stem researchers by encouraging ethical debate and reflection as integral, embedded parts of technical work. Dissemination of findings from this project will focus on bridging domains; the PI and her research team have extensive interdisciplinary experience, and findings will be published in information and computer science, ethics, and policy.The PI's previous ethnographic work suggests that the day-to-day work of software R&D can include work practices that pry open discussions about values and help teams build consensus around social values as design criteria. The PI refers to these work practices as values levers. This project will build upon and test those preliminary findings by collecting comparative data from contrasting software R&D environments. The research will focus on mobile and wearable application development, an area rife with ethical concerns. These devices collect sensitive data ranging from biometrics to location to contacts, yet the collection of such data is almost entirely unregulated. The team will observe diverse types of mobile and wearable R&D work, including academic and commercial, co-located and virtual, and small and large teams. They will use participant-observation methods (attending conferences, participating in design meetings, and conducting interviews) as well as analysis of trace data (logs, chat, bug trackers, and other recorded means of organizing virtual work), to observe the diverse work practices involved in mobile application development. Collecting data from contrasting projects will illuminate the relationship between diverse R&D practices and ethical computing research, and will enable the PI to discover values levers relevant to multiple computing cultures. The project team will then incorporate the empirical findings into interactive simulations for students in mobile application design courses to evaluate whether values levers from the field can have impacts in the classroom and in online education.

培养有道德的计算研究人员是一个持续的挑战。目前的许多研究都集中在道德框架上（例如，隐私、公平或可访问性）作为明确的软件设计目标。这导致了专用的设计技术（例如，价值敏感设计、隐私设计），旨在消除偏见、确保隐私或实现可访问性。对软件研究和开发中现有的道德文化研究较少。研究人员不知道伦理讨论和决策何时以及如何在开发中出现，也不知道是什么鼓励了这些讨论和决策。在这个项目中，PI和她的研究团队将研究学术和商业软件研究和开发（R D），以发现鼓励道德挑战的讨论和行动的因素。然后，他们将通过为课堂和大规模在线开放式课件（MOOC）构建交互式研发模拟，将他们的发现纳入计算机伦理课程材料。项目成果将回答诸如“移动的应用研究和开发中的哪些实践鼓励对道德的讨论和决策？如何将这些实践纳入计算机伦理教育？以及“基于这些实践的模拟如何影响计算机伦理教育？”“了解工作实践如何影响软件研发中的伦理审议，将通过鼓励现场伦理辩论和决策来影响计算研究和新兴技术的设计，这反过来又将通过鼓励伦理辩论和反思作为技术工作的组成部分来培养伦理STEM研究人员。本项目的研究成果的传播将集中在跨学科领域，PI和她的研究团队拥有丰富的跨学科经验，研究成果将发表在信息和计算机科学、伦理学和政策学上。PI以往的民族志工作表明，软件研发的日常工作可以包括关于价值观的公开讨论的工作实践，并帮助团队围绕社会价值观建立共识作为设计标准。 PI将这些工作实践称为价值杠杆。本项目将建立在这些初步研究结果的基础上，并通过从对比软件研发环境中收集比较数据来进行测试。这项研究将集中在移动的和可穿戴应用程序开发，这是一个充满伦理问题的领域。这些设备收集从生物识别到位置到联系人的敏感数据，但这些数据的收集几乎完全不受监管。该团队将观察各种类型的移动的和可穿戴研发工作，包括学术和商业，共同定位和虚拟，以及小型和大型团队。他们将使用参与者观察方法（参加会议，参加设计会议和进行访谈）以及跟踪数据分析（日志，聊天，bug跟踪器和其他组织虚拟工作的记录方法），以观察移动的应用程序开发中涉及的各种工作实践。从对比项目中收集数据将阐明不同的研发实践和道德计算研究之间的关系，并使PI能够发现与多种计算文化相关的价值杠杆。然后，项目团队将把实证研究结果纳入移动的应用程序设计课程的学生的互动模拟，以评估来自该领域的价值杠杆是否可以在课堂和在线教育中产生影响。