Hydrogen isotope response of algal lipids to variable nutrient concentrations in Swiss lakes

瑞士湖泊中藻脂对不同营养浓度的氢同位素响应

• 批准号: 1452254
• 负责人: Sarah Ladd
• 金额: $ 18.4万
• 依托单位: Ladd Sarah N
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1452254&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Hydrogen; isotope; response; algal; lipids

Dr. S. Nemiah Ladd has been granted an NSF Earth Sciences postdoctoral fellowship to study how fossilized algal remains record nutrient pollution. This fellowship will allow an early career American scientist to carry out a research project at Eawag, the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology. Eutrophication (nutrient pollution of lakes and other aquatic ecosystems) is commonly caused by fertilizers and detergents. It can result in harmful algal blooms and widespread fish death, and reduces the economic and aesthetic value of water bodies. The Swiss government has been especially proactive about reducing the causes of eutrophication and remediating polluted lakes. However, despite concerted efforts over the past thirty-five years, a range of nutrient concentrations persists among lakes in the central Swiss plateau. This project will develop a novel tool to reconstruct past nutrient levels in lakes from molecular algal fossils in lake sediment. It will also refine the use of existing proxies of past climate, which are based on the same sedimentary markers. During her fellowship, Dr. Ladd will promote the education of young scientists from developing countries by collaborating with the Eawag Partnership Program (EPP) to create a mentoring program to support visiting graduate students. Because EPP fellows will take newly honed skills back to their local institutions, and use them to address local problems, support of the EPP fellowship program will more broadly impact the advancement of science in Africa and Asia, and facilitate the study of a range of environmental, economic, and social issues related to water use and quality throughout the developing world.Lipids produced by algae are resistant to degradation and can persist unchanged in sediment for millions of years. They typically record the hydrogen isotope composition of the water in which the algae grew, which is controlled by climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, and atmospheric circulation patterns. Algal lipids have therefore been developed as a useful proxy for past climate. However, several other variables can influence the isotopic composition of algal lipids. Of particular importance for this project, in laboratory studies hydrogen isotope fractionation in marine algae is highly sensitive to nutrient availability. By measuring isotope fractionation in algal lipids from living algae, falling particles, and surface sediment in Swiss lakes with variable phosphate concentrations, this project will for the first time establish whether nutrient availability and growth rate affect hydrogen isotope fractionation in natural settings, and for freshwater algae. In the second phase of this work, the environmental histories of different lakes will be reconstructed by applying the results of the calibration study to sediment cores. Determining the natural variability among lakes with identical climate histories will permit a more complete assessment of ongoing pollution remediation strategies.This award was supported with funding from the Office of International and Integrative Activities.

纳米亚·拉德博士获得了美国国家科学基金会地球科学博士后奖学金，研究藻类化石遗骸如何记录营养污染。这一奖学金将允许一位职业生涯早期的美国科学家在瑞士联邦水产科学与技术研究所Ewag开展一项研究项目。富营养化(湖泊和其他水生生态系统的营养物质污染)通常是由化肥和洗涤剂造成的。它可能导致有害的藻类大量繁殖和广泛的鱼类死亡，并降低水体的经济和美学价值。瑞士政府在减少富营养化的原因和修复受污染的湖泊方面尤其积极。然而，尽管在过去35年里共同努力，瑞士中部高原的湖泊之间仍然存在一系列营养物质浓度。该项目将开发一种新的工具，利用湖泊沉积物中的分子藻类化石来重建湖泊过去的营养水平。它还将改进现有过去气候指标的使用，这些指标基于相同的沉积标志。在她担任研究员期间，拉德博士将通过与Ewag Partnership Program(EPP)合作创建一个指导计划来支持来访的研究生，从而促进发展中国家年轻科学家的教育。由于EPP研究员将把新磨练的技能带回当地机构，并利用它们来解决当地问题，因此EPP奖学金计划的支持将更广泛地影响非洲和亚洲的科学进步，并促进对与整个发展中国家的水使用和质量有关的一系列环境、经济和社会问题的研究。藻类产生的脂肪耐降解，可以在沉积物中保持数百万年不变。它们通常记录藻类生长的水的氢同位素组成，这受温度、降雨量和大气环流模式等气候变量的控制。因此，藻类脂被开发为过去气候的有用替代品。然而，其他几个变量也可以影响藻类脂的同位素组成。对该项目特别重要的是，在实验室研究中，海藻中的氢同位素分馏对营养物质的可获得性高度敏感。通过测量不同磷酸盐浓度的瑞士湖泊中活藻类、下落颗粒物和表层沉积物中藻类的同位素分馏，该项目将首次确定营养物质的可用性和生长速度是否会影响自然环境中以及淡水藻类的氢同位素分馏。在这项工作的第二阶段，将通过将定标研究的结果应用于沉积物岩心来重建不同湖泊的环境历史。确定气候历史相同的湖泊之间的自然变异性将允许对正在进行的污染补救战略进行更全面的评估。该奖项得到了国际和综合活动办公室的资助。