CAREER: Enabling clean energy: assessing criticality of byproduct metals

职业：实现清洁能源：评估副产品金属的重要性

• 批准号: 1454166
• 负责人: Gabrielle Gaustad
• 金额: $ 51万
• 依托单位: Rochester Institute of Tech
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-15 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1454166&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Enabling; clean; energy; assessing

1454166 (Gaustad). Global fossil fuel dependence and unprecedented greenhouse gas emissions have led to increasing attention on alternatives for electricity production, energy storage, and personal transportation. However, while there is promise in a variety of clean energy technologies for reducing these burdens, it is critical to fully comprehend supply chain risks for new clean energy technologies and the criticality of their materials in order to ensure that new issues are not being substituted for old ones. One specific challenge in understanding the criticality of several clean energy technologies arises from the prevalence of byproduct mining in these materials systems. Specifically, key materials are mined and produced only as a byproduct of another material system, also historically referred to as "daughter mining" in minerals extraction and metallurgical processing literature. Many of these byproduct material systems have relevancy to the clean energy sector via their use in thin-film photovoltaics, as magnets in wind turbines, and within batteries for electric vehicles. This research will focus on three representative case studies: the Cu-Te system, the Al-Ga system, and the Fe-Nd system. The systems modeling methodological framework to be developed can be applied to other byproduct material systems as well. The overarching goal of the educational activities is to feed a pipeline from elementary to graduate school with underrepresented students who will have an interest in the STEM disciplines. This will be accomplished by targeting specific age groups of female and minority students and engaging them in research. The broader impacts from this work include: 1) reducing the environmental impacts of energy use by enabling clean energy technologies, 2) promoting diversity in the STEM disciplines, 3) supporting multi-disciplinary research, and 4) enhancing public, K-12, and graduate education and awareness in broader sustainability and criticality issues. Specific public outreach events are planned (Imagine RIT and Greentopia). This grant will provide funding for two K-12 educational activities: a research internship for a disadvantaged high school junior via the ACS SEED program and to demonstrate research findings for a middle school girls camps (WE@RIT). Research will focus on supply-demand complications of byproduct mining and understanding the overall criticality of material systems impacting clean energy technologies. Dynamic material flow analysis and scenario simulation will be used to understand how byproduct mining impacts the supply chain. Current supply-demand modeling methods are unable to include carrier metal-byproduct metal material system interactions. Integration of demand forecasts and supply projections will be used to pinpoint supply gap onset conditions. These results will be used to assess dynamic criticality metrics. Current criticality metrics focus on physical scarcity quantification; they do not take into account supply disruptions that may be caused by the carrier system. A fundamental change in these metrics will be developed by broadening them to include economic and environmental implications as well. These enhanced, novel metrics will be used to inform policy that can incentivize strategies for mitigating supply disruption issues.

1454166（Gaustad）。 全球化石燃料依赖性和空前的温室气体排放导致人们对电力生产，能源存储和个人运输的替代方案的关注越来越多。但是，尽管各种清洁能源技术有望减轻这些负担，但充分理解新的清洁能源技术的供应链风险以及其材料的关键是至关重要的，以确保无法代替旧问题。理解几种清洁能源技术的关键性的一个具体挑战是这些材料系统中副产品开采的普遍性。具体而言，仅作为另一个材料系统的副产品开采和生产关键材料，在历史上也称为矿物质提取和冶金加工文献中的“女儿开采”。这些副产品材料系统中有许多通过它们在薄膜光伏电动机，风力涡轮机中的磁铁以及电动汽车电池内的用途与清洁能源部门相关。这项研究将重点介绍三个代表性的案例研究：Cu-Te系统，AL-GA系统和FE-ND系统。要开发的系统建模方法学框架也可以应用于其他副产品材料系统。教育活动的总体目标是，从小学到研究生院的管道与代表性不足的学生对STEM学科感兴趣。这将通过针对特定年龄段的女性和少数民族学生并参与研究来实现。这项工作的更广泛影响包括：1）通过启用清洁能源技术来减少能源利用的环境影响，2）促进STEM学科的多样性，3）支持多学科研究，以及4）增强公众，K-12，以及在更广泛的可持续性和更广泛的问题上的研究生教育和认识。计划了特定的公共外展活动（想象一下RIT和绿地）。这项赠款将为两项K-12教育活动提供资金：通过ACS种子计划为处境不利的高中生的研究实习，并展示了中学女子营地的研究结果（我们@RIT）。 研究将重点关注副产品开采的供求并发症，并了解影响清洁能源技术的材料系统的整体关键性。动态材料流量分析和方案模拟将用于了解副产品挖掘如何影响供应链。当前的供需建模方法无法包括载体金属副产品金属材料系统相互作用。需求预测和供应预测的整合将用于查明供应鸿沟的条件。这些结果将用于评估动态临界指标。当前的关键性指标专注于身体稀缺性量化；他们不考虑载体系统可能造​​成的供应中断。这些指标的根本变化将通过扩展以包括经济和环境影响来开发。这些增强的新型指标将用于告知政策，以激励减轻供应中断问题的策略。