CAREER: Enabling clean energy: assessing criticality of byproduct metals

职业：实现清洁能源：评估副产品金属的重要性

• 批准号: 1454166
• 负责人: Gabrielle Gaustad
• 金额: $ 51万
• 依托单位: Rochester Institute of Tech
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-15 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1454166&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Enabling; clean; energy; assessing

1454166 (Gaustad). Global fossil fuel dependence and unprecedented greenhouse gas emissions have led to increasing attention on alternatives for electricity production, energy storage, and personal transportation. However, while there is promise in a variety of clean energy technologies for reducing these burdens, it is critical to fully comprehend supply chain risks for new clean energy technologies and the criticality of their materials in order to ensure that new issues are not being substituted for old ones. One specific challenge in understanding the criticality of several clean energy technologies arises from the prevalence of byproduct mining in these materials systems. Specifically, key materials are mined and produced only as a byproduct of another material system, also historically referred to as "daughter mining" in minerals extraction and metallurgical processing literature. Many of these byproduct material systems have relevancy to the clean energy sector via their use in thin-film photovoltaics, as magnets in wind turbines, and within batteries for electric vehicles. This research will focus on three representative case studies: the Cu-Te system, the Al-Ga system, and the Fe-Nd system. The systems modeling methodological framework to be developed can be applied to other byproduct material systems as well. The overarching goal of the educational activities is to feed a pipeline from elementary to graduate school with underrepresented students who will have an interest in the STEM disciplines. This will be accomplished by targeting specific age groups of female and minority students and engaging them in research. The broader impacts from this work include: 1) reducing the environmental impacts of energy use by enabling clean energy technologies, 2) promoting diversity in the STEM disciplines, 3) supporting multi-disciplinary research, and 4) enhancing public, K-12, and graduate education and awareness in broader sustainability and criticality issues. Specific public outreach events are planned (Imagine RIT and Greentopia). This grant will provide funding for two K-12 educational activities: a research internship for a disadvantaged high school junior via the ACS SEED program and to demonstrate research findings for a middle school girls camps (WE@RIT). Research will focus on supply-demand complications of byproduct mining and understanding the overall criticality of material systems impacting clean energy technologies. Dynamic material flow analysis and scenario simulation will be used to understand how byproduct mining impacts the supply chain. Current supply-demand modeling methods are unable to include carrier metal-byproduct metal material system interactions. Integration of demand forecasts and supply projections will be used to pinpoint supply gap onset conditions. These results will be used to assess dynamic criticality metrics. Current criticality metrics focus on physical scarcity quantification; they do not take into account supply disruptions that may be caused by the carrier system. A fundamental change in these metrics will be developed by broadening them to include economic and environmental implications as well. These enhanced, novel metrics will be used to inform policy that can incentivize strategies for mitigating supply disruption issues.

1454166(戈斯塔德)。全球对化石燃料的依赖和前所未有的温室气体排放导致人们越来越关注电力生产、能源储存和个人交通的替代方案。然而，尽管各种清洁能源技术在减轻这些负担方面有希望，但关键是要充分了解新清洁能源技术的供应链风险及其材料的关键程度，以确保新问题不会取代旧问题。了解几种清洁能源技术的关键程度的一个具体挑战来自于这些材料系统中普遍存在的副产品开采。具体地说，关键材料的开采和生产只是作为另一种物质系统的副产品，在矿物提取和冶金加工文献中历史上也被称为“子矿开采”。这些副产品材料系统中的许多都与清洁能源部门有关，因为它们被用于薄膜光伏、风力涡轮机的磁铁和电动汽车的电池中。本研究将集中于三个具有代表性的案例研究：铜-碲系统、铝-镓系统和铁-钕系统。所开发的系统建模方法框架也可应用于其他副产品材料系统。教育活动的主要目标是为从小学到研究生院的管道提供对STEM学科感兴趣的代表人数不足的学生。这将通过针对特定年龄段的女性和少数族裔学生并让他们参与研究来实现。这项工作的更广泛影响包括：1)通过使用清洁能源技术减少能源使用对环境的影响；2)促进STEM学科的多样性；3)支持多学科研究；4)加强公众、K-12和研究生教育，提高对更广泛的可持续性和关键问题的认识。计划了具体的公共宣传活动(想象一下RIT和Greentopia)。这笔赠款将为两项K-12教育活动提供资金：通过ACS SEED计划为贫困高中低年级学生提供研究实习机会，并为中学女孩夏令营(WE@RIT)展示研究成果。研究将侧重于副产品开采的供需复杂性，以及了解影响清洁能源技术的材料系统的总体关键程度。将使用动态物流分析和情景模拟来了解副产品开采如何影响供应链。目前的供需建模方法无法考虑载体金属-副产品金属材料体系的相互作用。需求预测和供应预测的整合将被用来准确确定供应缺口的开始条件。这些结果将用于评估动态关键程度指标。目前的关键程度指标侧重于实物稀缺性的量化；它们没有考虑到可能由承运人系统造成的供应中断。这些指标将发生根本性变化，扩大范围，将经济和环境影响也包括在内。这些增强的、新颖的指标将被用于为政策提供信息，以激励缓解供应中断问题的战略。