Territoriality and reproductive interference between species

物种间的领地性和生殖干扰

• 批准号: 1457844
• 负责人: Gregory Grether
• 金额: $ 67.47万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1457844&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Territoriality; reproductive; interference; between; species

Why do some closely related species coexist peacefully while others fight over space? Aggressive territorial interactions between species are very common, much more so than expected based on current theory, and may determine whether species are able to coexist. The importance of understanding the causes of such costly interactions is highlighted by evidence that the ranges of many species are changing rapidly. One potentially crucial factor that has generally been overlooked is reproductive interference. Reproductive interference occurs when a male or a female of a species recognizes a male or female of a different species as a potential mate. This mistake has negative impacts on the fitness of both species. Reproductive interference is effectively a form of mate competition and thus may be the root cause of territorial aggression between species in some cases. By developing new theory and testing it with new empirical research on dragonflies and birds, this project will advance our understanding of why aggression between species is so prevalent.This research aims to clarify the factors that determine whether interspecific territoriality is evolutionarily stable or transitory. An individual-based modeling framework that the researchers have developed for studying the consequences of secondary contact between closely related species will be extended to evaluate the consequences of reproductive interference between (1) species in which males defend mating territories, and (2) species in which males defend multi-purpose territories. Rubyspot (Hetaerina spp.) damselflies are the ideal study system for testing the first of these new models. It has already been established that interspecific territoriality covaries with reproductive interference in this genus, but further research is needed to determine whether the variation in reproductive interference explains the variation in interspecific aggression. Fieldwork will be carried out to parameterize the model and to test its predictions on 10 species pairs. The second model, for species that defend multi-purpose territories, will be based on the biology of socially monogamous passerine birds, and parameterized using data from the literature, to evaluate whether current levels of resource competition are sufficient to maintain interspecific territoriality in the absence of reproductive interference. Finally, a major comparative study of North American passerine birds will be carried out to elucidate the ecological, phenotypic and phylogenetic correlates of interspecific territoriality. This work includes substantial international fieldwork experiences for students in Costa Rica and Mexico and is partially funded through the Global Venture Fund.

为什么一些密切相关的物种和平共处，而另一些物种争夺空间？物种之间的侵略性领土相互作用非常普遍，比基于当前理论的预期要多得多，并且可能决定物种是否能够共存。许多物种的分布范围正在迅速变化，这一事实突显了理解这种代价高昂的相互作用的原因的重要性。一个通常被忽视的潜在关键因素是生殖干扰。当一个物种的雄性或雌性将另一个物种的雄性或雌性识别为潜在的配偶时，就会发生生殖干扰。这个错误对两个物种的适应性都有负面影响。生殖干扰实际上是配偶竞争的一种形式，因此在某些情况下可能是物种之间领土侵略的根本原因。通过发展新的理论，并通过对蜻蜓和鸟类的新的实证研究来验证它，该项目将促进我们对物种之间的侵略为何如此普遍的理解。该研究旨在阐明决定种间领土性是进化稳定还是暂时的因素。研究人员为研究密切相关物种之间二次接触的后果而开发的基于个体的建模框架将扩展到评估（1）雄性捍卫交配领土的物种和（2）雄性捍卫多用途领土的物种之间生殖干扰的后果。红点藻（Hetaerina spp.）豆娘是测试这些新模型的理想研究系统。它已经被确定，种间的领土与生殖干扰在这属的协变，但需要进一步的研究，以确定是否在生殖干扰的变化解释种间侵略的变化。将进行实地工作，以参数化的模型，并测试其预测的10个物种对。第二个模型，物种，捍卫多用途的领土，将基于社会一夫一妻制雀形目鸟类的生物学，并使用文献中的数据进行参数化，以评估目前的资源竞争水平是否足以维持种间的领土在没有生殖干扰。最后，一个主要的北美雀形目鸟类的比较研究将进行阐明生态，表型和种间领土的系统发育相关。这项工作包括为在哥斯达黎加和墨西哥的学生提供大量国际实地工作经验，部分资金来自全球创业基金。