Collaborative Research: SHINE: Data-constrained Simulations of Coronal Mass Ejection Initiation and Propagation

该项目致力于解决日冕物质抛射（CME）问题，日冕物质抛射是太阳中等离子体的猛烈喷射，会导致太空天气。为了准确预测它们的行为，了解这些喷发是如何发生的以及它们如何向地球传播是至关重要的。目前的太阳和太空观测站群提供了前所未有的表面磁场、极紫外线 (EUV) 和 X 射线日冕结构的时间和空间覆盖范围。在这项研究中，将从包含处于喷发边缘的磁通绳的活动区域的磁场和等离子体的实际初始条件开始，对 CME 启动和传播进行数据约束模拟。这些模拟将为研究日冕物质抛射背后的过程和早期发展提供独特的机会。该项目有以下科学目标： 1）开发受观测高度约束的日冕物质抛射启动模型，以研究日冕物质抛射的早期发展阶段； 2) 基于磁通绳特性和环境日冕场，约束太阳附近的日冕物质抛射特性（动力学、形态、冲击和压缩区域参数），以及 3) 使用数据约束磁流体动力学 (MHD) 模拟再现观测到的日冕物质抛射的三部分和两锋结构及其原位特性。观测到的喷发活动区域的数据约束非线性无力场 (NLFFF) 模型将用作空间天气建模框架 (SWMF) 全球 MHD 代码的初始条件。活性区域和磁通绳等离子体的初始条件也将受到使用最近开发的分析技术的数据的限制。这些工具将用于将更真实的 CME 传播到 1AU。模拟日冕物质抛射的特性（方向、速度、加速度、形态和冲击驱动能力）将与所有可用的观测结果（日冕 EUV 和 X 射线、白光和原位数据）进行比较。

This project addresses coronal mass ejections (CMEs) which are violent expulsions of plasma from the Sun that contribute to space weather. It is vital to understand how these eruptions happen and how they propagate towards Earth in order to accurately predict their behavior. The current fleet of solar and space observatories provides unprecedented temporal and spatial coverage of the surface magnetic field, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray coronal structures. In this study, data-constrained simulations of CME initiation and propagation will be performed starting from realistic initial conditions for the magnetic field and plasma of an active region that contains a flux rope on the verge of eruption. These simulations will provide a unique opportunity to investigate the processes behind the eruption and early development of CMEs. The project has the following science objectives: 1) Develop models of CME initiation that are highly constrained by observations in order to study the early development phases of CMEs; 2) Constrain CME properties near the Sun (kinetics, morphology, shock and compression region parameters) based on the flux rope properties and the ambient coronal field, and 3) Reproduce the observed three-part and two-front structure of CMEs and their in situ properties using data-constrained magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. Data-constrained non-linear force-free field (NLFFF) models of observed erupting active regions will be used as initial conditions to the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) global MHD code. The initial conditions on the active region and flux rope plasma will also be constrained by data using recently developed analysis techniques. These tools will be used to propagate more realistic CMEs to 1AU. The properties of the simulated CMEs (direction, velocity, acceleration, morphology, and shock-driving capability) will be compared with all available observations (coronal EUV and X-ray, white-light and in situ data).