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"What is Truth?" Einstein on Rods and Clocks in Relativity Theory

“什么是真理？”

基本信息

批准号：
218862409
负责人：
Dr. Marco Giovanelli, Ph.D.
金额：
--
依托单位：
Dipartimento di Filosofia e Scienze dellEducazione
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2011-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/218862409?language=en
关键词：
What Truth Einstein Rods Clocks

项目摘要

This project offers a historical and philosophical investigation of Einstein's vacillating attitude towards the role of rods and clocks in relativity theory. It is conjectured that one can distinguish at least four phases in Einstein's attitude toward this issue: (A) 1905-1916: Einstein used rods and clocks as unstructured entities, to provide physical meaning to coordinates in special relativity. However, in order to implement this operationalist epistemological model into general relativity, Einstein and his contemporaries were forced to free themselves from the burden of a series of prejudices concerning the role of coordinates in physics; in particular from the idea that the gravitational field is a field in a in and coordinate system, just like the electromagnetic field (B) 1917-1926 Einstein was forced by several interlocutors to recognize that this operationalist epistemological model is incompatible with the project of a unified field theory. Einstein started to emphasize that, in the final theory, rods and clocks should be treated as solutions of the fundamental equations, and not introduced 'by hand' (C) 1926-1930. As a consequence, Einstein was induced to rethink the role of geometry in general relativity. Einstein realized that, once rods and clocks were treated as physical systems just like any other, the distinction between geometrical and non-geometrical variables would be dropped. Geometry would lose its privileged status; the final unified field theory should not be thought as a geometrization, but as unification of the gravitational and electromagnetic field (D) In his late years Einstein consolidated his two-stage epistemological strategy, distinguishing between a provisional attitude towards rods and clocks as empirical indicators of the gravitational field and a principled one in which they are treated as material structure like any other. The project concludes that the role of rods and clocks in relativity theory is essential to understand the evolution of Einstein's conception of the relationships between theory and experience on the one hand and between geometry and physics on the other. As Einstein put it jokingly towards the end of his life, it is no less than "Pilate's famous question: 'What is truth?'"

这个项目提供了一个历史和哲学的调查爱因斯坦的摇摆不定的态度杆和时钟的作用，在相对论。爱因斯坦对这个问题的态度至少可以分为四个阶段：（A）1905-1916年：爱因斯坦使用杆和钟作为非结构化实体，为狭义相对论中的坐标提供物理意义。然而，为了将这一操作主义认识论模型应用到广义相对论中，爱因斯坦和他的同时代人被迫从一系列关于坐标在物理学中的作用的偏见的负担中解脱出来;特别是从引力场是一个在坐标系中的场的观点出发，就像电磁场（B）1917-1926年爱因斯坦被几个对话者强迫认识到这种操作主义的认识论模型与统一场论的项目是不相容的。爱因斯坦开始强调，在最终理论中，杆和钟应该被视为基本方程的解，而不是“手工”引入（C）1926-1930。因此，爱因斯坦被诱导重新思考几何在广义相对论中的作用。爱因斯坦意识到，一旦杆和钟被当作物理系统，就像其他任何系统一样，几何变量和非几何变量之间的区别就会消失。几何体将失去其特权地位;最终的统一场论不应被认为是几何化的，而应被认为是引力场和电磁场的统一（D）爱因斯坦晚年巩固了他的两阶段认识论策略，区分对杆和钟作为引力场的经验指示器的临时态度和将它们视为物质结构的原则性态度，任何其他. 该项目的结论是，杆和时钟在相对论中的作用对于理解爱因斯坦关于理论与经验之间关系以及几何与物理之间关系的概念的演变至关重要。正如爱因斯坦在他生命的最后时刻开玩笑地说的那样，这不亚于“彼拉多的著名问题：‘什么是真理？'"