RAPID: Monitoring the glacial-outburst flood (jökulhlaup) resulting from the eruption of Barðarbunga Volcano, Iceland

RAPID：监测冰岛巴阿本加火山喷发造成的冰川爆发洪水 (jökulhlaup)

• 批准号: 1461529
• 负责人: Douglas Howard
• 金额: $ 2.57万
• 依托单位: Georgetown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-11-15 至 2016-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1461529&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Monitoring; glacial; outburst; flood

a) A non-technical description of the project's broader significance and importanceGlacial outburst floods ("jökuhlhaup" in Icelandic) can occur when a volcanic eruption occurs under an ice mass. The surge of water and debris that results can be catastrophic for anything in its path. These events, although relatively rare in most parts of the world, are familiar occurrences in Iceland. This RAPID project will investigate the characteristics of a glacial outburst flood that may result from the eruption of the Baðarbunga volcano. Information derived from this investigation may provide the tools for warning local communities about the timing and size of the flood. The data will be incorporated into a hydrologic model that could be used to predict the effects of large floods in other settings. In addition, the field measurements could help constrain the magnitude of flooding that created observed features on the surface of the planet Mars.b) A technical description of the projectThis research will monitor the onset and duration of a jökuhlhaup in a well-studied channel in interior Iceland. The investigators will measure water flow, water chemistry, and sediment transport in order to generate a hydrograph of the event. The water chemistry will also provide insight into the mechanisms that generate the jökuhlhaup. The project will also monitor the landscape conditions around the eruptive centers and the outburst flood channel. A graduate student and an undergraduate will be involved in the field effort.

a）对该项目更广泛的意义和重要性的非技术性描述冰川溃决洪水（冰岛语中的“jökuhlhaup”）可能发生在火山爆发时，在冰块下发生。由此产生的水和碎片的激增可能会对它所经过的任何东西造成灾难性的影响。这些事件虽然在世界上大多数地方相对罕见，但在冰岛却很常见。这个RAPID项目将调查可能由Baidarbunga火山爆发造成的冰川爆发洪水的特点。从这次调查中获得的信息可以提供有关洪水时间和规模的警告当地社区的工具。这些数据将被纳入一个水文模型，该模型可用于预测大洪水在其他环境中的影响。此外，实地测量可以帮助限制洪水的规模，洪水在火星表面形成了观察到的特征。B）项目的技术说明这项研究将监测冰岛内陆一个经过充分研究的通道中jökuhlhaup的开始和持续时间。调查人员将测量水流、水化学和沉积物输运，以生成事件的过程线。水化学也将提供深入了解产生jökuhlhaup的机制。该项目还将监测喷发中心和突发洪水通道周围的景观条件。一名研究生和一名本科生将参与实地工作。