I-Corps: Practical and Provably Secure Random Number Generator

I-Corps：实用且可证明安全的随机数生成器

• 批准号: 1464476
• 负责人: Yaoyun Shi
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1464476&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Corps; Practical; Provably; Secure; Random

Random numbers are vital resources for modern day information processing, especially for information security. Random Number Generators (RNGs) are ubiquitous in computing and communication devices. However, none of the current solutions is completely satisfactory, undermining the very foundation of digital security. Thus enhancing the security of the current RNGs is imperative for safeguarding a prosperous secure information society. The proposed technology exploits a new solution space, and represents one of the first concrete applications of quantum information science, and has the potential to draw even more public interest to the field. Randomness is universal, and its applications are across many fields. The target customer is a business which uses random numbers on a routine basis, and who has the potential for large losses if its randomness sources turn out to not be random. Two examples might be companies that manage electronic transactions and gambling casinos. The proposed technology is a certifiable random number generator based on quantum physics. The team can design an apparatus that will generate random bits while at the same certifying that the bits are random - even without any trust in the apparatus used. At the center of the technology is the idea that measurements on an entangled quantum state cannot be faked by any classical process. Based on this principle, a client can fully trust the outputs of the generator based on a simple assumption about the operation of the device (specifically, that no communication occurs between two separate components of the device).

随机数是现代信息处理，特别是信息安全的重要资源。随机数生成器(RNG)在计算和通信设备中普遍存在。然而，目前的解决方案没有一个是完全令人满意的，这破坏了数字安全的基础。因此，加强当前区域政府的安全对于保障一个繁荣、安全的信息社会是必不可少的。这项拟议的技术利用了一个新的解空间，代表了量子信息科学最早的具体应用之一，并有可能吸引更多公众对该领域的兴趣。随机性是普遍存在的，它的应用遍及许多领域。目标客户是一家在日常基础上使用随机数字的企业，如果其随机来源被证明不是随机的，他们可能会遭受巨大损失。两个例子可能是管理电子交易和赌博赌场的公司。该技术是一种基于量子物理的可认证随机数生成器。该团队可以设计一种设备，在生成随机比特的同时证明这些比特是随机的--即使对所使用的设备没有任何信任。这项技术的核心思想是，对纠缠量子态的测量不能通过任何经典过程来伪造。基于这一原则，客户端可以基于对设备操作的简单假设(具体地说，设备的两个独立组件之间不发生通信)来完全信任生成器的输出。