Dissertation Research: Parent-embryo Interactions in Glassfrogs - Female Mating Strategies, Paternal Effort, and Adaptive Plasticity in Hatching

行为生态学的一个基本目标是了解相关个体之间的共同利益和冲突如何影响家庭生活。后代受益于越来越多的亲代照顾，但父母照顾后代的能力受到未来繁殖和生存所需资源的限制。这种冲突被认为有利于让个人平衡育儿成本和收益的策略。关于这一主题的研究通常集中在具有传统性别角色的物种上，其中雌性照顾幼崽。在玻璃蛙中，雄性照顾卵子，胚胎可以及早孵化，从被遗弃的卵子中逃脱。本项目将通过评估生态上重要的父系和胚胎性状的遗传力和变异来评估关于父系和胚胎共同进化的假设。它将测试雌性是否会选择好的父亲或有策略的交配来诱导良好的养育，以及父母之间的相互作用如何影响胚胎孵化策略的进化。这个项目将通过测试性选择如何影响父亲和胚胎的行为，为家庭生活提供新的视角。Glassfrog的家庭互动对科学教育和公众宣传有很大的吸引力。pi将与媒体、博物馆和动物园合作，广泛传播结果。该项目将为一名研究生和一名本科生助理提供基因组学、行为生态学和数量遗传学综合方法方面的培训，并促进与拉丁美洲研究人员的合作。本研究利用孵化过程中的适应性可塑性来研究雄性照看卵的玻璃蛙的亲子互动及其后果。在colymbiphylum中，更高的交配成功率导致更多的父系努力，更长的胚胎期和更高的后代存活率。该团队将使用下一代基因型测序方法进行母性分析，结合雄性交配和照顾行为的详细历史，来评估社会环境下雌性的交配选择。具体来说，他们将测试雌性交配是否有策略地利用雄性的照顾，并评估共同筑巢的雌性的潜在互惠利益。该团队将通过评估在田间实验中测量的父系性状之间的共变，以及在普通花园实验中测量的胚胎的孵化反应，来测试父亲-胚胎共同进化的假设。本研究将父系后代相互作用的基本测试扩展到一个只有雄性照顾的系统，并将为父系和胚胎策略的其他研究提供信息和激励。数据将酌情在出版物的在线增刊或公共档案（DRYAD, Sequence Read Archive, GenBank）中共享。外联材料将在网上发布。

A fundamental goal of behavioral ecology is to understand how shared interests and conflicts among related individuals shape family life. Offspring benefit from increasing parental care, but parents' ability to care for young is limited by resources needed for future reproduction and survival. This conflict is thought to favor strategies that allow individuals to balance the costs and benefits of parenting. Research on this topic has typically focused on species with conventional sex roles where females care for young. In glassfrogs, males care for eggs and embryos can hatch early to escape from abandoned eggs. This project will evaluate hypotheses about father embryo co-evolution by assessing heritability and variation in ecologically important paternal and embryonic traits. It will test if females select good fathers or mate strategically to induce good parenting and how interactions between parents affect the evolution of embryos' hatching strategies. This project will offer new perspectives on family life by testing how sexual selection influences the behavior of fathers and embryos. Glassfrog family interactions have substantial appeal for scientific education and public outreach. The PIs will work with the media, museums, and zoos to disseminate results broadly. This project will offer training in integrative methods of genomics, behavioral ecology, and quantitative genetics for a graduate student and an undergraduate assistant and foster collaborations with Latin American researchers. This research uses adaptive plasticity in hatching to examine parent offspring interactions and their consequences in a glassfrog with male care of eggs. In Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum, higher mating success results in more paternal effort, longer embryonic periods, and higher offspring survival. The team will use a next-generation genotype-by-sequencing method for maternity analysis, in combination with detailed histories of male mating and caring behavior, to assess female mating choices in the context of social environments. Specifically, they will test whether females mate tactically to exploit male care and assess potential mutual benefits to co-nesting females. The team will test hypotheses of father embryo co-evolution by assessing covariation between paternal traits, measured in a field experiment, and hatching responses of their embryos, measured in a common-garden experiment. This study extends fundamental tests of parent offspring interactions to a system with male-only care, and will inform and motivate other research on parental and embryo strategies. Data will be shared in online supplements to publications or in public archives (DRYAD, the Sequence Read Archive, GenBank) as appropriate. Outreach materials will be posted online.