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Molecular Phylogeography and Ecology of small Antarctic Calanoida (Copepoda, Crustacea)

南极小型卡拉诺亚目（桡足类、甲壳类）的分子系统发育地理学和生态学

基本信息

批准号：
219374312
负责人：
Dr. Astrid Cornils
金额：
--
依托单位：
Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI) Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Infrastructure Priority Programmes
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2011-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/219374312?language=en
关键词：
Molecular Phylogeography Ecology small Antarctic

项目摘要

At present little is known about the oceanographic processes and biological traits that influence the dispersal of these planktonic species, and thus connectivity, in Antarctic waters. In the Antarctic marine pelagic species or species with pelagic life stages (e.g. larvae) are often considered to have a circumpolar distribution due to the absence of obvious barriers. The strong Antarctic Circumpolar Current is thought to facilitate the dispersal of specimens around Antarctica. However, recent investigations have shown genetic diversifications in planktonic organism on a worldwide geographical scale. To understand the importance of geographical differences in planktonic species it is necessary to detect morphologically cryptic taxa in order to investigate the physical processes and biological traits that lead to genetic diversification in pelagic Antarctic waters. For the presented project five abundant, but little studied, smaller species of calanoid copepods in the Southern Ocean have been chosen to study their phylogeography and ecology. These species have a similiar size range, but show different patterns of distribution (worldwide - endemic), depth habitats (epipelagic - mesopelagic - bathypelagic) and feeding modes (herbivorous - omnivorous). Their biogeographical patterns and rates of evolutionary diversification will be investigated with the help of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, AFLP fingerprints and 454 sequencing.

目前，人们对影响南极沃茨中这些浮游物种的扩散，从而影响其连通性的海洋学过程和生物特征知之甚少。在南极海洋，由于没有明显的障碍，远洋物种或具有远洋生命阶段的物种（如幼体）通常被认为具有环极分布。强大的南极绕极流被认为有助于南极洲周围的标本扩散。然而，最近的调查表明，在世界范围内的地理范围内的遗传多样性在水生生物。为了了解南极浮游物种的地理差异的重要性，有必要检测形态学上隐藏的分类群，以调查导致南极沃茨遗传多样性的物理过程和生物特征。本项目选择了南大洋五种数量丰富但研究较少的小型哲水蚤桡足类物种，研究它们的生物地理和生态。这些鱼种的大小范围相似，但分布模式（世界性-地方性）、深度生境（海洋上层-海洋中层-海洋深层）和摄食方式（草食性-杂食性）不同。他们的地理模式和进化多样化的速度将与线粒体和核基因，AFLP指纹和454测序的帮助下进行调查。