Paleoenvironmental perspectives on prehistoric human settlement of Arctic Norway: Implications for climate, sea-level, and land-use changes during the Iron Age

挪威北极史前人类住区的古环境视角：对铁器时代气候、海平面和土地利用变化的影响

• 批准号: 1504270
• 负责人: Nicholas Balascio
• 金额: $ 31.55万
• 依托单位: College of William and Mary
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1504270&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Paleoenvironmental; perspectives; prehistoric; human; settlement

This project will investigate the relationship between environmental change and characteristics of early settlement in Arctic Norway. Research will contribute toward understanding how humans respond to environmental change, and evaluate the sensitivity and resilience of settlements in marginal locations. Arctic Norway is an important region for socio-ecological research because early settlements were at the northern limits for agriculture and had mixed agricultural and maritime economies that were susceptible to changes in climate and sea level. Research will be conducted at sites in the Lofoten Islands, where settlements developed from small pioneering agricultural outposts to prominent nodes of power and trade under Viking chiefdoms during the Iron Age (c. 500 BC-AD 1100). The collapse of these cheifdoms occurred during the late Iron Age at which time these societies were associated with westward migrations to other North Atlantic islands, which helped spread agricultural, maritime, and cultural knowledge that was subsequently adapted to suit these new environments. The Iron Age in Arctic Norway therefore marks an important period in the human history of the North Atlantic and outstanding questions remain concerning the role of environmental changes (both natural and anthropogenic) in this history that paved the way for North Atlantic expansion.The proposed project will take an interdisciplinary, geo-archaeological approach to reconstruct human-environment interactions. Scientists and students from the College of William & Mary and Columbia University will work alongside Norwegian archaeologists to: compile and synthesize a large number of Iron Age archaeological studies, using mostly unpublished information within Norwegian cultural heritage databases, in order to assess the influence of natural environmental changes within an informed cultural framework, and develop continuous, high-resolution reconstructions of human impacts on the landscape by using lake sediments recovered near key settlements and by applying biogeochemical techniques to directly link human activity with landscape changes. The main objectives are: (1) to establish a more comprehensive understanding of cultural development during the Iron Age, particularly with respect to environmental changes, (2) document the changing patterns of human settlement as the region transformed to a center of power and trade, and (3) test the hypothesis that climate variability and sea-level variations had an impact on patterns of human settlement. The project will also promote teaching and training by engaging undergraduate students in international and interdisciplinary research. It will create strong partnerships among institutions within the U.S. and in Norway, and has outreach components that involve public lectures and the development of a comprehensive museum exhibit that will significantly promote learning and communication of archaeological and environmental sciences with the general public.

该项目将调查挪威北极地区环境变化与早期定居特征之间的关系。研究将有助于了解人类如何应对环境变化，并评估边缘地区定居点的敏感性和弹性。挪威北极地区是社会生态研究的一个重要地区，因为早期定居点位于农业的北方界限，农业和海洋经济混合，容易受到气候和海平面变化的影响。研究将在罗弗敦群岛的一些地点进行，在铁器时代（公元前2000年），在维京海盗酋长的领导下，那里的定居点从小型开拓性的农业前哨发展成为权力和贸易的重要节点。公元前500年至公元1100年）。这些酋长的崩溃发生在铁器时代晚期，当时这些社会与向西迁移到其他北大西洋岛屿有关，这有助于传播农业，海洋和文化知识，随后适应这些新环境。因此，挪威北极地区的铁器时代标志着北大西洋人类历史上的一个重要时期，关于环境变化（自然和人为）在这一为北大西洋扩张铺平道路的历史中的作用，仍然存在悬而未决的问题，拟议的项目将采取跨学科的地质考古方法来重建人类与环境的相互作用。来自威廉玛丽学院和哥伦比亚大学的科学家和学生&将与挪威考古学家一起工作：利用挪威文化遗产数据库中大部分未发表的信息，汇编和综合大量铁器时代的考古研究，以便在知情的文化框架内评估自然环境变化的影响，并不断发展，通过使用在主要住区附近恢复的湖泊沉积物，并通过应用生物地球化学技术将人类活动与景观变化直接联系起来，高分辨率地重建人类对景观的影响。主要目标是：（1）对铁器时代的文化发展，特别是环境变化，建立一个更全面的理解，（2）记录人类住区的变化模式，因为该地区转变为一个权力和贸易中心，（3）测试气候变化和海平面变化对人类住区模式的影响的假设。该项目还将通过让本科生参与国际和跨学科研究来促进教学和培训。它将在美国和挪威的机构之间建立强有力的合作伙伴关系，并具有涉及公共讲座和综合博物馆展览的发展的外展部分，这将大大促进与公众的考古和环境科学的学习和交流。

项目成果

Human–environment dynamics during the Iron Age in the Lofoten Islands, Norway

挪威罗弗敦群岛铁器时代的人类环境动态

• DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2018.1466831
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography
• 作者: Balascio, Nicholas L.;Wickler, Stephen
• 通讯作者: Wickler, Stephen