RAPID Investigation of Active Fissure Eruptions, Holuhraun, Iceland

对冰岛 Holuhraun 活动裂隙喷发的快速调查

• 批准号: 1505710
• 负责人: Jeffrey Karson
• 金额: $ 1.65万
• 依托单位: Syracuse University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-15 至 2015-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1505710&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Investigation; Active; Fissure; Eruptions

The Bárðarbunga volcanic system is typical of the fundamental spreading units in the active rift zones of Iceland. These consist of central volcanoes and fissure swarms that are typically 10-25 km wide and tens of kilometers in length. The fissure swarms are the surface expression of dike intrusions fed by the central volcanoes. On September 3, 2014 an eruptive fissure formed as seismic activity and geodetic data showed dramatic subsidence of the Bárðarbunga caldera. More fissure eruptions developed and produced fire fountains up to 50 meters in height and lava flows covering nearly 20 square kilometers. Much of the central and north- central interior highlands of Iceland were evacuated and closed to the public, due to concerns that a subglacial eruption at the central volcano could generate a jökulhlaup, jeopardizing transportation both in and out of the area. In collaboration with the University of Iceland?s Earth Science Institute, the team plans to use a small drone equipped with GPS navigation and a Go-Pro (still+video) to produce digital image mosaics that cover many square kilometers in a single 15 minute survey of the active and recently active (days old) lava fields and fissure eruptions with images of fire fountaining, spatter deposits, a?a and pahoehoe flow units. Direct observations and video will document local flow rates, slopes, etc. Samples will be collected to assess the vesicularity and crystallinity of the samples. One goal will be to use these data to relate these parameters to the flow morphology, which would provide a logical ?scaling-up? of experiments they are doing at Syracuse University in the SU Lava Project.

巴亚尔本加火山系统是冰岛活动裂谷带中典型的基本扩张单元。它们由中央火山和裂缝群组成，通常宽10-25公里，长数十公里。裂缝群是由中央火山供给的岩墙侵入体的表面表现。 2014年9月3日，由于地震活动和大地测量数据显示Bárarbunga破火山口急剧下沉，形成了一个喷发裂缝。更多的裂缝喷发发展，并产生高达50米的火喷泉和覆盖近20平方公里的熔岩流。冰岛中部和中北部的大部分内陆高地都被疏散并对公众关闭，因为担心中央火山的冰下喷发可能会产生jökulhlaup，危及进出该地区的交通。与冰岛大学合作？该团队计划使用一架配备GPS导航和Go-Pro（静止+视频）的小型无人机，在对活跃和最近活跃（几天前）的熔岩场和裂缝喷发进行15分钟的调查中，制作覆盖许多平方公里的数字图像马赛克，并提供火喷泉，飞溅沉积物，a和帕霍霍流动单位。直接观察和视频将记录局部流速、斜率等。将收集样品以评估样品的囊泡度和结晶度。一个目标将是使用这些数据，这些参数的流动形态，这将提供一个逻辑？扩大规模他们正在锡拉丘兹大学进行的SU熔岩项目的实验。