RAPID Investigation of Active Fissure Eruptions, Holuhraun, Iceland

巴里亚阿尔邦加火山系统是冰岛活动裂谷带基本扩张单元的典型代表。这些火山由中央火山和裂隙群组成，通常宽10-25公里，长数十公里。裂隙群是中央火山补给的岩墙侵入的表面表现。2014年9月3日，地震活动和大地测量数据显示，Báráarbunga火山口戏剧性地下沉，形成了一条喷发裂缝。更多的裂缝喷发形成并产生了高达50米的喷泉和覆盖近20平方公里的熔岩流。冰岛中部和中北部内陆高地的大部分被疏散，不对公众开放，原因是担心中央火山的冰下喷发可能会产生约库拉普，危及进出该地区的交通。与冰岛大学S地球科学研究所合作，该团队计划使用一架配备GPS导航和Go-Pro(静止+视频)的小型无人机来制作数字图像马赛克，在一次15分钟的调查中，这些马赛克覆盖了许多平方公里的活跃和最近活跃(几天前)的熔岩场和裂缝喷发，其中包括喷泉、飞溅沉积、a？a？a和pahoehoe流动单元的图像。直接观测和录像将记录当地的流速、坡度等。将收集样品以评估样品的泡孔和结晶度。一个目标是利用这些数据将这些参数与流动形态联系起来，这将提供合理的放大？他们在锡拉丘兹大学苏拉瓦项目中所做的实验。

The Bárðarbunga volcanic system is typical of the fundamental spreading units in the active rift zones of Iceland. These consist of central volcanoes and fissure swarms that are typically 10-25 km wide and tens of kilometers in length. The fissure swarms are the surface expression of dike intrusions fed by the central volcanoes. On September 3, 2014 an eruptive fissure formed as seismic activity and geodetic data showed dramatic subsidence of the Bárðarbunga caldera. More fissure eruptions developed and produced fire fountains up to 50 meters in height and lava flows covering nearly 20 square kilometers. Much of the central and north- central interior highlands of Iceland were evacuated and closed to the public, due to concerns that a subglacial eruption at the central volcano could generate a jökulhlaup, jeopardizing transportation both in and out of the area. In collaboration with the University of Iceland?s Earth Science Institute, the team plans to use a small drone equipped with GPS navigation and a Go-Pro (still+video) to produce digital image mosaics that cover many square kilometers in a single 15 minute survey of the active and recently active (days old) lava fields and fissure eruptions with images of fire fountaining, spatter deposits, a?a and pahoehoe flow units. Direct observations and video will document local flow rates, slopes, etc. Samples will be collected to assess the vesicularity and crystallinity of the samples. One goal will be to use these data to relate these parameters to the flow morphology, which would provide a logical ?scaling-up? of experiments they are doing at Syracuse University in the SU Lava Project.