Exploratory Chemistry of Oxide Based Compounds

非技术：新材料是新现象和新技术的驱动力。新材料的发现、研究和了解功能材料的晶体结构与性质之间的关系，对于科学进步和经济增长具有重要意义。在材料研究部固态和材料化学项目的支持下，该项目专注于发现具有晶体结构的新的可持续材料，这些材料可以同时展示多种性能，有助于设计能够彻底改变能源、环境和电子领域的高效设备。该项目的主要目标是发现和表征新型金属氧化物化合物，并了解它们的晶体结构、化学键和物理性质。该项目为固体和材料化学领域的研究生和本科生的教育和研究培训做出了重大贡献。这个跨学科的项目为学生提供了理解新合成材料的复杂性质的智力挑战。它在化学、物理和材料科学之间建立了联系，并为他们在工业和学术环境中的职业生涯做好了准备。参加这个项目的高中生获得了宝贵的实践研究经验，并了解了对先进教育和科学技术职业的追求。技术：这项研究的主要目标是发现、合成和表征新型金属氧化物，并了解其晶体结构、化学键和物理性质。该项目基于结构-性质关系的总主题，目的是开发科学概念和实验方案，从而导致新的功能材料。该项目以氧化物类材料为重点，有以下方向：(A)设计基于具有特殊结构特征的过渡金属氧化物的功能材料，其中金属阳离子占据三方双锥配位。由此产生的结构不稳定性和允许的d-d电子跃迁被利用来分别创建新的铁电材料，包括多铁性和耐久的彩色颜料。(B)发现锡和铋的新混合金属氧化物，其中Sn5S和Bi6S带位于O 2p带之上，导致具有鲜艳的黄色、橙色和红色的化合物，用于环境友好、耐用的无机颜料。(C)设计具有方形平面钯的超导氧化物，并将其载流子浓度调整到铜氧化物中通常发生高温超导的区域。各种合成方法被用来制造粉末、烧结球和单晶形式的材料。采用的实验表征工具包括X射线和中子衍射、UV/VIS/红外光谱、扫描和透射电子显微镜、差热分析以及电导率、介电和磁性测量。

Non-technical:New materials are drivers of new phenomena and technologies. New materials discovery research and understanding of crystal structure property relationships of functional materials are critically important for the advancement of science and economic growth. With support from the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program in the Division of Materials Research, this project focuses on the discovery of new sustainable materials with crystal structures that can simultaneously exhibit multiple properties useful for designing efficient devices that can revolutionize energy, environment and electronics areas. The primary goals of the project are to discover and characterize new types of metal oxide compounds, and to understand their crystal structures, chemical bonding and physical properties. This project significantly contributes to education and research training for graduate and undergraduate students in the field of solid state and materials chemistry. This interdisciplinary project provides students with intellectual challenge of understanding complex properties of newly synthesized materials. It forges links between chemistry, physics and materials science and prepares them well for career in industrial and academic environment. High school students participating in this project gain valuable hands-on research experience and learn about the pursuit of advanced education and careers in science and technology. Technical:The primary goals of this research are discovery, synthesis and characterization of new types of metal oxides and understanding of their crystal structures, chemical bonding and physical properties. The project is based on the general theme of structure-property relationships with the aim of developing scientific concepts and experimental protocols leading to new functional materials. Focusing on the oxide class of materials, the project has the following directions: (a) Designing functional materials based on transition metal oxides with unusual structural features where metal cations occupy trigonal bipyramidal coordination. The resulting structural instability and allowed d-d electronic transitions are leveraged to create new ferroelectric materials including multiferroics and durable color pigments respectively. (b) Discovering new mixed metal oxides of tin and bismuth where Sn 5s and Bi 6s bands situated above the O 2p band leading to compounds with vivid yellow, orange and red colors for environmentally benign, durable inorganic pigments. (c) Designing superconducting oxides with square planar palladium and adjusting their carrier concentration to a region where high temperature superconductivity normally occurs in copper oxides. Various synthesis methods are used to create materials in the form of powders, sintered pellets and single-crystals. Experimental characterization tools employed include X-ray and neutron diffraction, UV/Vis/Infrared spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis, and measurements of electrical conductivity, dielectric and magnetic properties.