SusChEM Collaborative Research: Biocomposite Biocatalysts formed by Desiccation of Living Cells on Porous Substrates for Recycling Gaseous Carbon to Fuels and Chemicals

SusChEM 合作研究：通过多孔基质上的活细胞干燥形成的生物复合生物催化剂，用于将气态碳回收为燃料和化学品

• 批准号: 1510072
• 负责人: Orlin Velev
• 金额: $ 35万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1510072&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SusChEM; Collaborative; Research; Biocomposite; Biocatalysts

1510072 Flickinger, Michael C. Algae trap and recycle enormous quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide each year. This project will develop methods to fabricate biocomposite materials containing highly concentrated non-growing cyanobacteria, or algae, concentrated on or within paper or fabricated as multi-layered materials and hydrated through channels. These artificial leaf-like biocomposite materials could be used to harvest sunlight and recycle GHG carbon into fuels and chemicals. This project will engineer algae to tolerate drying so that desiccated biocomposites can be stored and shipped without loss of reactivity and hydrated at the site of use. Using non-growing dry-stabilized cyanobacteria or algae in biocomposite materials to trap solar energy will require significantly less water and is more efficient in trapping GHGs than using growing algae suspended in photobioreactors. This project will reveal molecular mechanisms for preserving the viability and reactivity during controlled drying of cyanobacteria and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Methods will be developed to sustain the photoreactivity of non-growing algae, enhance CO2 absorption and significantly extend their catalytic life embedded within composite materials when rehydrated. This will be investigated by approaches to (i) optimize biocomposite nanoporous microstructure, including providing nutrients and recovering gases by engineered microchannels, (ii) optimize biopreservation using osmoprotectant carbohydrate glasses, control desiccation rate and determine critical residual bound and free water surrounding and within the cells monitored by Raman microspectroscopy plus desiccation stress induced reporters, and (iii) apply synthetic biology to desiccation-sensitive algae to engineer the trehalose transport system from Polyplodium vanderplanki into C. reinhardtii. This has been demonstrated using the CHO TRET1 cell line to enable trehalose transport into CHO cells to enhance dry stabilization. The team of investigators include a microbial biotechnologist expert in biocomposites, a soft matter expert who pioneered biocolloidal live cell assembly and a mechanical engineer with expertise in the anhydrobiology engineering of nucleated cells and controlled drying rate monitored by Raman microspectroscopy. Biocomposite materials containing microchannels and layers of synergistic dry stabilized live cells could provide a new way for carbon recycling. This project will provide cross-disciplinary STEM education for engineers, who will work in a multidisciplinary project spanning chemical engineering, nanoscience, mechanical engineering, microfluidics, synthetic biology, anhydrobiology and reaction kinetics.This award by the Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Program of the CBET Division is co-funded by the Systems and Synthetic Biology Program of the Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology.

1510072 Flickinger，Michael C. 藻类每年捕获并回收大量温室气体（GHG），例如二氧化碳。 该项目将开发制造生物复合材料的方法，这些材料含有高度浓缩的非生长蓝藻或藻类，集中在纸上或纸内，或制造成多层材料并通过通道水合。这些人造树叶状生物复合材料可用于收集阳光，并将温室气体碳回收为燃料和化学品。 该项目将设计藻类以耐受干燥，以便干燥的生物复合材料可以在使用现场储存和运输而不会失去反应性和水合作用。 在生物复合材料中使用非生长的干稳定蓝藻或藻类来捕获太阳能将需要显著更少的水，并且比使用悬浮在光生物反应器中的生长藻类更有效地捕获温室气体。这个项目将揭示在控制干燥过程中蓝藻和莱茵衣藻的生存能力和反应性的分子机制。 将开发方法来维持非生长藻类的光反应性，增强二氧化碳吸收，并显着延长其催化寿命嵌入复合材料时，再水化。这将通过以下方法来研究：（i）优化生物复合材料纳米多孔微结构，包括通过工程微通道提供营养物和回收气体，（ii）使用生物保护剂碳水化合物玻璃优化生物保存，控制干燥速率并确定通过拉曼显微光谱加上干燥应力诱导的报告物监测的细胞周围和细胞内的临界残留结合水和游离水，以及（iii）将合成生物学应用于干燥敏感藻类，以将来自范氏多原藻的海藻糖转运系统工程化到C.莱因哈德氏菌 这已经使用CHO TRET 1细胞系证明，能够将海藻糖转运到CHO细胞中，以增强干燥稳定性。 研究人员团队包括生物复合材料方面的微生物生物技术专家，开创生物胶体活细胞组装的软物质专家和具有有核细胞脱水生物学工程专业知识的机械工程师，以及通过拉曼显微光谱监测的受控干燥速率。 含有微通道和协同干稳定活细胞层的生物复合材料可以为碳循环提供新的途径。该项目将为工程师提供跨学科的STEM教育，他们将在化学工程，纳米科学，机械工程，微流体，合成生物学，脱水生物学和反应动力学的多学科项目中工作。该奖项由CBET部门的生物技术和生物化学工程项目共同资助，由分子和细胞生物学部门的系统和合成生物学项目共同资助。