UNS: Mechanical/Chemical Failure of Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium-ion Batteries: Understanding Its Mechanisms and Suppressing Its Onset

UNS：锂离子电池中固体电解质界面的机械/化学失效：了解其机制并抑制其发生

• 批准号: 1510085
• 负责人: Jonghyun Park
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: Missouri University of Science and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1510085&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: UNS; Mechanical; Chemical; Failure; Solid

PI: Jonghyun Park Proposal Number: 1510085Lithium ion batteries support the development of sustainable energy systems by storing electricity generated by renewable resources such as wind and solar energy, or by powering zero-emission electric vehicles charged by electricity from renewable resources. However, current rechargeable lithium ion batteries can hold only about 10% of their theoretical energy content, and new concepts are needed to improve energy storage capacity and power discharge rate. The addition of the metal germanium to lithium ion battery electrodes offers the potential to improve both storage capacity and power. However, the germanium swells significantly upon charging and discharging, which cracks the battery and renders it useless. The goals of this project are to determine the mechanisms of the failure process, and then to use this fundamental understanding to develop coating materials and processes for the germanium particles that will control the swelling behavior. The educational activities associated with this project include efforts to broaden participation by involving undergraduates from nearly Lincoln University of Missouri in the proposed research.The use of geranium (Ge) metal in the solid interface layer of the anode of lithium ion batteries offers the potential for high theoretical electrochemical energy storage capacity and power discharge rate. However, upon repeated charge/discharge cycles, the solid electrolyte interface layer of the anode breaks down. The damage to the solid electrolyte layer is due to the mechanical volume change in Ge metal during lithium-ion insertion (charging) and extraction (discharge), which causes cracks and pulverization of this layer that lead to loss of electrode contact and dissolution of the solid electrolyte layer into the electrolyte. The goals of the research are to characterize the mechanisms of failure in the Ge anode, and then use this fundamental understanding to develop fabrication strategies for suppressing these damage processes by controlling internal structure of the solid electrolyte layer containing Ge nanoparticles, as well as its interface with active materials. The mechanisms of failure will be elucidated by characterizing mechanical strength and chemical dissolution rate of the solid interface layer components. The internal structure of the solid interface layer will be controlled by using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) to coat additive materials, for example metal oxides, onto Ge nanoparticles in the attempt to reduce stress upon lithium ion insertion and extraction. A multiscale model will be developed that couples the nanoparticle level behavior in the solid interface layer to electrochemical cell operation to predict the conditions that trigger solid interface layer failure and its subsequent effect on battery performance. This model will then be used to identify strategies to optimize the ALD materials and process for improved mechanical stability and battery performance. To connect the research to education, the PI will introduce energy materials and battery design concepts in a capstone mechanical engineering capstone design course, and will give demonstrations on lithium-ion battery coin cell assembly for undergraduate and K-12 students at the Missouri University of Science and Technology.

PI：Jonghyun Park提案编号：1510085LITHIUM ION电池通过存储由风能和太阳能等可再生资源产生的电力，或通过为可再生资源电力收取的零发射电动汽车来支持可持续能源系统的开发。 但是，当前可充电锂离子电池只能容纳其理论能量含量的10％，并且需要新的概念来提高能源存储容量和功率放电速率。 在锂离子电池电极中添加金属锗可提供提高存储容量和功率的潜力。 但是，锗在充电和排放后大大膨胀，这会破裂电池并使电池毫无用处。 该项目的目标是确定故障过程的机制，然后使用这种基本理解来开发涂覆材料和过程，以控制将控制肿胀行为的锗颗粒。 与该项目相关的教育活动包括努力扩大参与的努力，这使密苏里州林肯大学的本科生参与了拟议的研究。在锂离子电池阳极的固体界面层中使用天Geranium（GE）金属，为高理论理论的理论电学能源存储能力和电力排放率提供了潜力。 但是，在反复的电荷/放电周期后，阳极的固体电解质界面层分解。固体电解质层的损坏是由于锂离子插入过程中GE金属的机械体积变化（充电）和提取（放电），这会导致该层的裂纹和粉碎，从而导致电极接触损失和固体电解质层溶解到电解质中。该研究的目标是表征GE阳极中故障的机制，然后使用这种基本理解来开发制造策略来通过控制含有GE纳米颗粒的实心电解质层的内部结构以及使用活性材料的界面来抑制这些损伤过程。通过表征固体界面层组件的机械强度和化学溶解速率，将阐明故障机制。 实心界面层的内部结构将通过使用原子层沉积（ALD）来控制添加材料，例如金属氧化物，以涂上GE纳米颗粒，以减少锂离子插入和提取的压力。 将开发一个多尺度模型，使实心界面层中的纳米颗粒级别行为伴随着电化学细胞操作，以预测触发固体接口层故障及其随后对电池性能的影响的条件。 然后，该模型将用于确定优化ALD材料和过程以提高机械稳定性和电池性能的策略。 为了将研究与教育联系起来，PI将在顶峰机械工程盖石设计课程中引入能源材料和电池设计概念，并将在密苏里州科学技术大学的本科生和K-12学生中进行有关锂离子电池电池组装的演示。