GOALI/Collaborative Research: Additive Manufacturing of Mechanically Strong and Electrochemically Robust Porous Electrodes for Ultra-High Energy Density Batteries

GOALI/合作研究：用于超高能量密度电池的机械强度和电化学鲁棒性多孔电极的增材制造

• 批准号: 1563029
• 负责人: Jonghyun Park
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Missouri University of Science and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1563029&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: GOALI; Collaborative; Research; Additive; Manufacturing

This Grant Opportunity for Academic Liaison with Industry (GOALI) award supports fundamental research to enable the realization of reliable and ultra-high energy density batteries by low cost manufacturing methods. Research results can help in making electric vehicles cost-competitive with gasoline powered vehicles, thereby reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. This will have a broad and lasting impact on the environment. The research will also benefit the Internet of Things, the healthcare, and the consumer electronics industry, because many applications need robust and high capacity batteries. In addition, this project will help train US workforce in the interdisciplinary areas of energy, advanced materials, and advanced manufacturing through the development of interdisciplinary curricula and various science activities for diverse youth. This research focuses on making 3D electrodes using an aerosol jet-based additive manufacturing method along with nanoparticle sintering. The first research objective is to establish relationships between process parameters and the quality of 3D electrode architecture produced by the processes. Process parameters of aerosol jet-based additive manufacturing include carrier gas pressure, and nanoparticle size and dispersion; and sintering process parameters include sintering energy and time. The quality of 3D electrode architecture will be measured in terms of porosity level, pore geometry, specific capacity, and resistance to capacity fade. This objective will be achieved by carrying out experimental research guided by theoretical models. The solidification of nanoparticle solutions upon dispense and the consecutive sintering process will be modelled by using a discretized particle model and a diffusive model. Further, a model that solves the Li diffusion equation coupled with stress evolution and the cracking in the porous electrode will be developed using a multi-scale modeling approach. These models will guide the additive fabrication experiments using high specific capacity materials such as silicon and silicon dioxide. The second objective is to identify relationships between the characteristics of an artificial coating on the electrode and the resistance to electrode capacity fade. The characteristics of the coating include the thickness and uniformity of the coated layer. To achieve this objective, atomic layer deposition will be used to create an electrode-electrolyte interface layer over the 3D porous electrodes. Several microscopic analyses such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy will be used to measure the coating thickness and uniformity. Battery electrochemical experiments will then be carried out and the resistance to capacity fade will be measured using cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy.

这项与行业联络的赠款机会（Goari）奖支持基本研究，以通过低成本制造方法实现可靠和超高的能量密度电池。研究结果可以帮助使电动汽车与汽油动力汽车的成本竞争力，从而减少温室气体排放。这将对环境产生广泛而持久的影响。这项研究还将使物联网，医疗保健和消费电子行业受益，因为许多应用需要强大的电池。 此外，该项目将通过开发跨学科课程和各种科学活动，为多样化的青年培养能源，先进材料和高级制造业跨学科领域的劳动力。这项研究的重点是使用基于气溶胶的添加剂制造方法以及纳米颗粒烧结制造3D电极。第一个研究目标是建立过程参数与过程产生的3D电极体系结构质量之间的关系。基于气雾喷气的添加剂制造的过程参数包括载气压以及纳米颗粒的大小和色散；和烧结过程参数包括烧结能量和时间。 3D电极体系结构的质量将以孔隙率水平，孔几何形状，特定能力和对容量褪色的阻力进行测量。通过理论模型指导的实验研究将实现这一目标。分配后纳米颗粒溶液的固化和连续的烧结过程将通过使用离散的粒子模型和扩散模型来建模。此外，将使用多尺度建模方法开发一个解决LI扩散方程与应力演化以及多孔电极中的裂纹的模型。这些模型将使用高特定能力材料（例如硅和二氧化硅）指导加性制造实验。第二个目标是确定电极上人造涂层的特征与电极容量褪色之间的关系。涂层的特征包括涂层层的厚度和均匀性。为了实现这一目标，原子层沉积将用于在3D多孔电极上创建电极 - 电解质界面层。几种显微镜分析，例如原子力显微镜，扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜将用于测量涂层厚度和均匀性。然后将进行电池电化学实验，并使用循环伏安法和阻抗光谱法测量对容量褪色的电阻。