UNS: Spatial and Temporal Variability in CDOM by Optical Remote Sensing: Effects on Water Quality, Water Treatment, and Aquatic Ecosystem Properties

1510332霍扎尔斯基溶解有机质存在于所有天然水域中，生色溶解有机物在许多天然水域中是最丰富的部分，特别是在有湿地的森林流域。溶解有机物和生色溶解有机物通过其动员金属和疏水化学物质的能力对水质产生强烈的影响，是活性光化学中间体的来源，控制着许多水生生态系统的过程。溶解有机物是污水处理厂的消毒副产物，对安全饮用水的生产有负面影响。该项目将通过改进程序，利用新的(陆地卫星8号)和即将到来的卫星，从卫星图像中提取有色溶解有机物，从而极大地改善人们对有色溶解有机物的了解状况。该项目将在由中西部三个主要生态区组成的大区域内对有色溶解有机质水平进行第一次普查水平评估。这个多学科项目的目标是利用团队的光学遥感能力和现代现场和实验室技术：(I)显著提高对影响地表水中溶解有机物和有色溶解有机物水平的分布、时间趋势和环境因素的了解，以及(Ii)增进对它们与其可能导致水处理问题的来源相关的特征的了解。拟议方案的具体目标是：(1)建立稳健的方程，以便从卫星图像中检索有色溶解有机质数据，并利用这些结果编制上中西部三个生态区所有湖泊的有色溶解有机物质普查数据；(2)利用陆地卫星历史图像调查美国北部湖泊有色溶解有机物质的长期趋势；(3)确定景观属性、气候和有色溶解有机物质水平和特征之间的关系；以及(4)阐明溶解有机物质特征与水处理影响之间的关系。这项拟议的研究将为最多六个人提供教育福利：一名博士后研究员、研究生研究助理和2-4名本科生。PIS将为区域水管理机构的管理人员组织讲习班，并在国家会议和以公民为基础的湖泊协会的会议上发表演讲。项目成果将用于更新一个经常使用的湖泊水清晰度公共数据库(http://water.umn.edu))，以包括有色溶解有机物普查和时间趋势数据及其与公民的相关性。该网站的其他改进包括一个博客和一个供公民提问和分享信息的互动界面。最后，我们将探索几种可能性，允许公民收集生色溶解有机物数据，包括低技术含量的色轮比较器和手机应用程序。公民参与将是该项目的一个关键组成部分。

1510332 Hozalski Dissolved organic matter occurs in all natural waters, and chromophoric dissolved organic matter is the most abundant fraction in many natural waters, especially in forested watersheds with wetlands. Dissolved organic matter and chromophoric dissolved organic matter strongly affects water quality through its ability to mobilize metals and hydrophobic chemicals, serve as a source of reactive photochemical intermediates, and control many aquatic ecosystem processes. Dissolved organic matter has negative effects on production of safe drinking water resulting from the formation is disinfection by-products in treatment plants. This project will dramatically improve the state of knowledge on chromophoric dissolved organic matter by refining procedures to retrieve chromophoric dissolved organic matter from satellite imagery, using the new (Landsat 8) and forthcoming satellites. This project will enable the first census-level assessment of chromophoric dissolved organic matter levels across a large region comprising three major ecoregions of the Upper Midwest. The goals of this multidisciplinary project are to leverage the teams optical remote sensing capabilities with modern field and lab techniques to: (i) dramatically improve understanding of the distribution, time trends, and environmental factors affecting Dissolved organic matter and chromophoric dissolved organic matter levels in surface waters and (ii) advance understanding of their source-dependent characteristics relevant to their potential to cause water treatment problems. With specific objectives of the proposed to: (1) develop robust equations to retrieve chromophoric dissolved organic matter data from satellite imagery and use the results to develop census-level chromophoric dissolved organic matter data for all lakes in three Upper Midwest ecoregions; (2) investigate long-term trends in lake chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the northern US using historical Landsat imagery; (3) determine relationships between landscape properties, climate and chromophoric dissolved organic matter levels and characteristics; and (4) elucidate relationships between dissolved organic matter characteristics and effects on water treatment. The proposed research will provide educational benefits for up to six individuals: a postdoctoral researcher, graduate research assistant, and 2-4 undergraduate students. The PIs will organize workshops for managers of regional water management agencies and make presentations at state conferences and meetings of citizen-based lake associations. Project results will be used to update a heavily used public database of lake water clarity (http://water.umn.edu) to include the chromophoric dissolved organic matter census and time-trend data and their relevance to citizens. Additional enhancements to the web site include a blog and an interactive interface for citizens to ask questions and share information. Finally, we will explore several possibilities to permit citizens to gather chromophoric dissolved organic matter data, including a low-tech color wheel comparator and cellphone app. Citizen engagement will be a key component of the project.