UNS: Spatial and Temporal Variability in CDOM by Optical Remote Sensing: Effects on Water Quality, Water Treatment, and Aquatic Ecosystem Properties

1510332 Hozalski溶解有机质存在于所有天然水体中，其中色系溶解有机质在许多天然水体中含量最为丰富，特别是在有湿地的森林流域。溶解有机物和显色性溶解有机物通过其调动金属和疏水化学物质的能力，作为反应性光化学中间体的来源，并控制许多水生生态系统过程，对水质产生强烈的影响。溶解的有机物在处理厂形成消毒副产物，对安全饮用水的生产产生负面影响。该项目将通过使用新的（陆地卫星8号）和即将推出的卫星，改进从卫星图像中检索可色性溶解有机物的程序，从而大大提高对可色性溶解有机物的认识水平。该项目将对包括上中西部三个主要生态区在内的一个大地区的变色溶解有机质水平进行首次普查级别的评估。这个多学科项目的目标是利用团队的光学遥感能力和现代现场和实验室技术：(1)大大提高对地表水中溶解有机质和显色性溶解有机质含量的分布、时间趋势和环境因素的理解；(2)提高对其来源依赖性特征的理解，这些特征与它们可能导致水处理问题有关。本文的具体目标是：(1)建立稳健的方程，从卫星图像中检索出色性溶解有机质数据，并利用结果开发出人口普查水平的中西部上游三个生态区域所有湖泊的色性溶解有机质数据；(2)利用历史Landsat图像研究美国北部湖泊成色溶解有机质的长期变化趋势；(3)确定景观性质、气候与显色性溶解有机质水平和特征之间的关系；(4)阐明溶解有机质特征与水处理效果之间的关系。该计划将为最多6人提供教育福利：博士后研究员，研究生研究助理和2-4名本科生。这些机构将为区域水管理机构的管理人员组织讲习班，并在州会议和以公民为基础的湖泊协会会议上发表演讲。项目结果将用于更新一个大量使用的湖泊水质透明度公共数据库（http://water.umn.edu），以包括变色溶解有机物普查和时间趋势数据及其与公民的相关性。网站的其他增强功能包括一个博客和一个供市民提问和分享信息的互动界面。最后，我们将探索几种允许公民收集变色溶解有机物数据的可能性，包括低技术含量的色轮比较器和手机应用程序。公民参与将是该项目的关键组成部分。

1510332 Hozalski Dissolved organic matter occurs in all natural waters, and chromophoric dissolved organic matter is the most abundant fraction in many natural waters, especially in forested watersheds with wetlands. Dissolved organic matter and chromophoric dissolved organic matter strongly affects water quality through its ability to mobilize metals and hydrophobic chemicals, serve as a source of reactive photochemical intermediates, and control many aquatic ecosystem processes. Dissolved organic matter has negative effects on production of safe drinking water resulting from the formation is disinfection by-products in treatment plants. This project will dramatically improve the state of knowledge on chromophoric dissolved organic matter by refining procedures to retrieve chromophoric dissolved organic matter from satellite imagery, using the new (Landsat 8) and forthcoming satellites. This project will enable the first census-level assessment of chromophoric dissolved organic matter levels across a large region comprising three major ecoregions of the Upper Midwest. The goals of this multidisciplinary project are to leverage the teams optical remote sensing capabilities with modern field and lab techniques to: (i) dramatically improve understanding of the distribution, time trends, and environmental factors affecting Dissolved organic matter and chromophoric dissolved organic matter levels in surface waters and (ii) advance understanding of their source-dependent characteristics relevant to their potential to cause water treatment problems. With specific objectives of the proposed to: (1) develop robust equations to retrieve chromophoric dissolved organic matter data from satellite imagery and use the results to develop census-level chromophoric dissolved organic matter data for all lakes in three Upper Midwest ecoregions; (2) investigate long-term trends in lake chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the northern US using historical Landsat imagery; (3) determine relationships between landscape properties, climate and chromophoric dissolved organic matter levels and characteristics; and (4) elucidate relationships between dissolved organic matter characteristics and effects on water treatment. The proposed research will provide educational benefits for up to six individuals: a postdoctoral researcher, graduate research assistant, and 2-4 undergraduate students. The PIs will organize workshops for managers of regional water management agencies and make presentations at state conferences and meetings of citizen-based lake associations. Project results will be used to update a heavily used public database of lake water clarity (http://water.umn.edu) to include the chromophoric dissolved organic matter census and time-trend data and their relevance to citizens. Additional enhancements to the web site include a blog and an interactive interface for citizens to ask questions and share information. Finally, we will explore several possibilities to permit citizens to gather chromophoric dissolved organic matter data, including a low-tech color wheel comparator and cellphone app. Citizen engagement will be a key component of the project.