SusChEM: Collaborative Research: Hybrid perovskite inspired pathways towards green and stable ionic PV absorbers

PI：Shengbai Zhang / Hao Zeng提案编号：1510948 /1510121太阳代表着地球上最丰富的可持续能源的潜在来源。 用于发电的太阳能电池需要吸收太阳能并将其光子转化为电子的材料，这一过程称为光电子学。 最近，基于无机-有机卤化物钙钛矿材料的材料已经实现了有前景的太阳能功率转换效率，并且可以使用低成本的基于溶液的加工方法由地球上丰富的元素制成。 然而，这些钙钛矿材料含有有毒的铅，并且在水分存在下降解，这阻碍了它们的商业用途。 为了解决这些限制，该项目将开发和研究一类新的钙钛矿材料的性能，这些材料不含铅，并且在水分中稳定。 该项目还将提供教育和推广机会，包括开发学生设计的纳米技术展示，作为伦斯勒理工学院永久物理和艺术展览的一部分，以及为布法罗地区公立学校的K-12学生开发各种实用太阳能电池套件。有机卤化物钙钛矿已经实现了接近18%的功率转换效率，其现在与CIGS和CdTe薄膜太阳能PV材料相当。 然而，目前的无机-有机卤化物钙钛矿材料含有铅并且在水分中不稳定。 本研究的总体目标是设计和合成基于非卤化物钙钛矿的新型离子光伏吸收剂材料，该材料消除了铅的使用并且在水分中稳定。 拟议的研究有两个目标。第一个目标是了解有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿材料的物理和化学，这些材料决定了它们的功率转换效率和在水中的光致降解。 基于在第一个目标下获得的基本理解，第二个目标是设计、合成和表征基于不含铅的非卤化物硫族化物钙钛矿以及通过材料设计方法提出的分子掺杂CuxS化合物的新离子PV吸收剂的物理特性。

PI: Shengbai Zhang / Hao ZengProposal Number: 1510948 / 1510121The sun represents the most abundant potential source of sustainable energy on earth. Solar cells for producing electricity require materials that absorb the sun's energy and convert its photons to electrons, a process called photovoltaics. Recently, materials based on inorganic-organic halide perovskite materials have achieved promising solar energy power conversion efficiency, and can be made from earth-abundant elements using low-cost, solution based processing methods. However, these perovskite materials contain lead, which is toxic, and degrade in the presence of moisture, which prevents their commercial use. To address these limitations, this project will develop and study the performance of a new class of perovskite materials which do not contain lead and are stable in moisture. This project will also provide educational and outreach opportunities, including the development of a student-designed nanotechnology display as part of the permanent Physics and Art exhibit at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, as well as development of various hands-on solar cell kits for K-12 students in the Buffalo area public schools.Photovoltaic (PV) materials based on inorganic-organic halide perovskites have achieved power conversion efficiencies of nearly 18%, which are now comparable to CIGS and CdTe thing film solar PV materials. However, current inorganic-organic halide perovskite materials contain lead and are unstable in moisture. The overall goal of this research is to design and synthesize new ionic photovoltaic absorber materials based on non-halide perovskites that eliminate the use of lead and are stable in moisture. The proposed research has two objectives. The first objective is to understand the physics and chemistry of organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials that determine their power conversion efficiency and photo-induced degradation in water. Based on the fundamental understanding obtained under the first objective, the second objective is to design, synthesize, and characterize the photophysics of new ionic PV absorbers based on the non-halide chalcogenide perovskites which do not contain lead, as well as molecularly doped CuxS compounds proposed by a materials-by-design approach.