Collaborative Research: Making a Habitable Planet - The Evolution of the Volatile Inventory in Gas-Rich Planet-Forming Disks

合作研究：创造宜居行星——富含气体的行星形成盘中挥发性物质的演化

• 批准号: 1514918
• 负责人: Geoffrey Blake
• 金额: $ 25.4万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1514918&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Making; Habitable; Planet

It is now clear that there is an abundance of planets in orbit around stars similar to our own Sun. This program seeks to understand how these planets are born and whether key elements needed to foster life, such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, are likely to be present at their birth. The focus will be on the early steps in the formation of an Earth-like planet by studying how molecules comprising these elements are incorporated into small, rocky bodies. This program will combine observations from world-class astronomical telescopes with state-of-the-art detailed computational models. This program will foster a greater understanding of how planets like our own are born. A central part of this effort is the training of the next generation of scientists with diverse backgrounds that represent the future of research and teaching.The collaborative effort merges the work of the Blake and Bergin groups. This enables observational explorations of gas emission from less than a few AU using Keck and beyond with ALMA, which can be interpreted using detailed theoretical models. They will generate several thousand physical/time-dependent chemical models spanning parameter space, and they will develop/implement prescriptions for planetesimal formation and ice sequestration. The abundance and emission predictions from this grid will elucidate the fate of key carriers/tracers of the C, H, O, and N elemental pools. This will enable the determination of observable, mass independent, signatures of planetesimal formation. The observational efforts will target sources sampling a range in age. This will be done in two tracks: (1) Using the Keck archive, the ALMA archive, new Keck spectro-astrometric data, the team's accepted ALMA Cycle 1 and 2 programs, plus new proposals for ALMA Cycle 3. They will compare these data to their theoretical grid to characterize the overall spatial distribution of key volatiles and their links to planet formation. Data sets already in hand are suitable to study disk chemistry in two sources. (2) The second is based on evidence that nitriles might be key organic tracers of hot gas that has conditions comparable to those expected 1 AU from a young star. They will use ALMA Cycle 2 data to characterize the origin of these organics in hot cores and provide to search for evidence of this evolutionary tracer in nearby disk systems.

现在很清楚，有大量的行星围绕着类似太阳的恒星运行。该项目旨在了解这些行星是如何诞生的，以及它们诞生时是否可能存在孕育生命所需的关键元素，如碳、氧、氮和氢。重点将放在形成类地行星的早期步骤上，研究由这些元素组成的分子是如何被合并成小的岩石体的。该项目将结合世界级天文望远镜的观测结果和最先进的详细计算模型。这个项目将促进人们更好地了解像我们这样的行星是如何诞生的。这项工作的一个核心部分是培养具有不同背景的下一代科学家，他们代表着研究和教学的未来。协作工作合并了Blake和Bergin小组的工作。这使得使用凯克和ALMA在不到几个天文单位的范围内进行气体发射的观测探索成为可能，这可以使用详细的理论模型来解释。他们将生成数千个跨越参数空间的物理/时间依赖化学模型，他们将开发/实施星子形成和冰封存的处方。这个网格的丰度和发射预测将阐明碳、氢、氧和氮元素池的关键载流子/示踪剂的命运。这将使确定可观测的、与质量无关的星子形成特征成为可能。观测工作将针对年龄范围内的源进行采样。这将通过两种方式完成：(1)使用凯克档案，ALMA档案，新的凯克光谱天文测量数据，团队接受的ALMA周期1和2计划，以及ALMA周期3的新建议。他们将把这些数据与他们的理论网格进行比较，以表征关键挥发物的整体空间分布及其与行星形成的联系。手头已有的数据集适用于两种来源的磁盘化学研究。(2)第二个是基于有证据表明，腈可能是热气体的关键有机示踪剂，其条件与来自年轻恒星的1 AU的预期条件相当。他们将使用ALMA Cycle 2的数据来描述这些有机物在热核中的起源，并提供在附近的磁盘系统中寻找这种进化示踪剂的证据。