CHS: Large: Collaborative Research: TextureShop: Tools for the Composition and Display of Virtual Texture

CHS：大型：协作研究：TextureShop：虚拟纹理的合成和显示工具

• 批准号: 1518630
• 负责人: Roberta Klatzky
• 金额: $ 32.82万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1518630&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CHS; Large; Collaborative; Research; TextureShop

When we interact with the physical world touch is a vitally important sensory channel, but when we interact with the digital world that is not yet the case. Historically, this situation may have been principally due to inadequate tactile displays, but that limitation is quickly disappearing. Increasingly, the principal limitation is the lack of tactile content. The goal of this collaborative research that involves scientists at three institutions is to empower the content creator, by enabling people to perform the same sorts of operations with tactile textures that they routinely perform with photographs. Those operations include "capturing" a texture, building a mathematical representation of it, creating and displaying synthetic versions that feel very much like the original, enhancing it in various ways (e.g., making it rougher or more velvety), and ultimately "composing" novel textures that nonetheless feel realistic and credible. As a tangible step in this direction, an open source, open hardware project begun under prior NSF support will be continued and expanded. That project resulted in the distribution of surface haptic devices to about a dozen different labs, leading to a variety of research studies. In this project, a low-cost surface haptic display and a variety of applications and software tools will be distributed to about 50 early adopters in the research community. Those individuals will be engaged in this research (e.g., by helping to "tag" various textures), and will be empowered to carry out their own research. In addition, workshops will be organized at major human-computer interaction conferences to support the growing surface haptics community.This work is timely and compelling for a number of reasons. One, scientific understanding of the physical and neuronal bases of texture perception has advanced considerably in recent years. For instance, the relationships between vibrations on the skin (produced when a finger slides across a surface), spike timing in afferent neurons, and high-level percepts such as recognition of a specific texture, have recently been elucidated. Two, "surface haptic" technologies for displaying texture to the bare fingertips have also advanced significantly and can now display complex stimuli across the full bandwidth of tactile acuity. Three, the prevalence of touch screen interfaces has created a plethora of applications such as children's e-books, interfaces for the blind, games, and automobile control panels, which would be well-served by high quality tactile content. The merit of this research is that it will provide a principled foundation for both the creation and manipulation of that content. Contributions will include: the development of a "tactile camera" that is able to capture the relevant frictional and vibratory data from which realistic textures can be recreated; a novel mathematical representation of the salient aspects of texture as well as algorithms for synthesizing artificial textures on the basis of that representation; a suite of techniques for enhancing aspects of texture by direct operation on the mathematical representation, interpolation between multiple textures, and interaction with audio cues; and finally a set of tools for composing novel textures including search, texture combination and scale transformation.

当我们与物理世界互动时，触摸是一个至关重要的感官通道，但当我们与数字世界互动时，情况并非如此。 从历史上看，这种情况可能主要是由于触觉显示不足，但这种限制正在迅速消失。 越来越多的主要限制是缺乏触觉内容。 这项合作研究涉及三个机构的科学家，其目标是通过使人们能够对触觉纹理进行与他们通常对照片进行的操作相同的操作，来增强内容创作者的能力。 这些操作包括“捕获”纹理，构建其数学表示，创建和显示感觉非常像原始的合成版本，以各种方式增强它（例如，使其更粗糙或更天鹅绒般），并最终“组成”新颖的纹理，但感觉现实和可信。 作为朝着这个方向迈出的切实一步，在NSF之前的支持下开始的一个开源、开放硬件项目将继续并扩大。 该项目导致表面触觉设备分布到十几个不同的实验室，导致各种研究。 在这个项目中，一个低成本的表面触觉显示器和各种应用程序和软件工具将分发给研究界的大约50个早期采用者。 这些人将参与这项研究（例如，通过帮助“标记”各种纹理），并将被授权进行自己的研究。 此外，在主要的人机交互会议上将组织研讨会，以支持不断增长的表面触觉社区。 第一，近年来，对纹理感知的物理和神经基础的科学理解已经取得了相当大的进展。 例如，皮肤上的振动（当手指滑过表面时产生），传入神经元的尖峰时间和高级感知（如识别特定纹理）之间的关系最近已经得到阐明。 第二，用于向裸露的指尖显示纹理的“表面触觉”技术也取得了显著进展，现在可以在触觉敏锐度的整个带宽上显示复杂的刺激。 第三，触摸屏界面的普及创造了大量的应用程序，如儿童电子书、盲人界面、游戏和汽车控制面板，这些应用程序将由高质量的触觉内容提供。 这项研究的优点是，它将为创建和操纵这些内容提供一个原则性的基础。 贡献将包括：开发了一种“触觉照相机”，能够捕捉相关的摩擦和振动数据，从中可以重新创建逼真的纹理;纹理的突出方面的新的数学表示法以及在该表示法的基础上合成人造纹理的算法;一套用于通过对数学表示的直接操作，多个纹理之间的插值，以及与音频提示的交互;最后是一组用于合成新颖纹理的工具，包括搜索、纹理组合和尺度变换。