EAGER: Developing an Application for Assessing Respondent Experiences of Their Surroundings in Real Time

居住隔离是美国不同人口群体面临的一个重要现实。然而，我们不知道这种隔离是否延伸到人们在日常生活中所去的地方。我们也不知道每天到不同社区的旅行如何影响个人和群体，从而可能增加或减少种族隔离。这项研究试图通过研究运动中的隔离来解决这些差距？S日常生活活动与邻里经验的关系。我们问了三个基本问题：(1)人们一天中去的地区是否会因人口统计学和他们所居住的社区类型而有所不同？(2)不同的社会群体在他们一天中去的地区是否在可用资源和社会多样性方面存在系统性差异？(3)人们是如何？S对他们所去社区的体验，包括他们对社区的欢迎程度以及他们对资源获取的看法，是否因他们的种族、民族、经济状况和他们所居住的社区类型而有所不同？为了解决这些问题，我们将实施并评估一款用于智能手机的应用程序，该应用程序可以在发生时收集人们的行动和邻里经历的实时信息。我们将评估使用智能手机应用程序在一个地方获得即时、显性和隐性(无意识)体验测量的可行性。将收集一小部分受访者的试点数据。我们将使用这些数据来制定流动隔离的衡量标准，以及人们目前如何看待他们所去的地方的环境和机会的指标。对APP的详细评估，它在现场的使用，以及与选定样本合作的能力，将使我们能够确定在日常社会生活过程中收集动态数据的方法是否可以用于更大的代表性样本。使用尖端移动技术收集此类数据，将克服研究中回忆偏差的风险，研究使用调查或日常日记来衡量人们如何度过时间和体验周围环境。这项研究将在几个重要方面产生广泛影响。获得有关人们如何明确和隐含地体验他们所访问的地方的数据，以及这些经历如何鼓励或阻止他们去某些地方，有助于为鼓励人口群体之间的接触的政策干预提供信息。在本研究过程中开发的开源智能手机应用程序将与其他研究人员分享，以增进对社会、空间和认知过程之间联系的知识，并应在日常生活中社会隔离的具体研究之外具有广泛的应用。

Residential segregation is an important reality for different demographic groups in the United States. Yet we do not know whether such segregation extends to the places where people go during the course of their daily lives. We also do not know how everyday travel to different neighborhoods affects individuals and groups in ways that might increase or diminish segregation. This research seeks to address these gaps by studying segregation in motion, throughout people?s daily routine activities in relation to neighborhood experiences. We ask three fundamental questions: (1) do the areas where people go during the course of their days vary demographically and by the type of neighborhood where they live?; (2) do the areas that different social groups go to during their days vary systematically in terms of their available resources and social diversity?; and (3) how do people?s experiences of the neighborhoods they go to, including how welcome they feel and how they perceive access to resources, vary by their race, ethnicity, economic status, and the type of neighborhood they live in? To address these questions, we will implement and evaluate an app for smartphones to collect "live" information on people's movement and neighborhood experiences as they happen. We will assess the feasibility of obtaining immediate explicit and implicit (nonconscious) measures of experiences in a place using the smartphone app. Pilot data will be collected for a small set of respondents. We will use these data to develop measures of mobile segregation and indicators of how people, in the moment, perceive their surroundings and opportunities in the places they go. Detailed evaluation of the app, its use in the field, and the ability to gain cooperation with the selected sample will allow us to determine whether the methods for collecting dynamic data during the course of everyday social life can be used in larger representative samples. Using cutting-edge mobile technology to collect such data will overcome the risk of recall biases in research that uses surveys or daily diaries to measure how people spend their time and experience their surroundings. This research will have broad impacts in a several important ways. Obtaining data on how people explicitly and implicitly experience the places they visit, and how those experiences encourage or discourage them from going to certain locales, can help inform policy interventions that incentivize contact across demographic groups. The open source smartphone app developed in the course of this research will be shared with other researchers to advance knowledge on the connections between social, spatial, and cognitive processes and should have broad application beyond the specific study of social segregation in daily life.