Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure: Experimental Facility with Twelve-Fan Wall of Wind

自然灾害工程研究基础设施（NHERI）将得到美国国家科学基金会（NSF）的支持，作为一个分布式、多用户的国家设施，它将为自然灾害研究社区提供研究基础设施，包括地震和风力工程实验设施、网络基础设施、计算建模和模拟工具、研究数据，以及教育和社区外展活动。NHERI将由网络协调办公室、网络基础设施、计算建模和仿真中心以及实验设施（包括灾后快速反应研究设施）组成。NHERI获得的奖金将有助于NSF在国家减少地震灾害计划（NEHRP）和国家减少风暴影响计划中的作用。NHERI延续了NSF对地震工程研究基础设施的重视，此前，作为NEHRP的一部分，由小乔治·e·布朗地震工程模拟网络支持，但现在扩大了对风力工程研究基础设施的支持。NHERI的广泛目标是支持研究，以提高民用基础设施（如建筑物和其他结构、地下结构、堤坝和关键生命线）抵御地震和风暴等自然灾害的弹性和可持续性，以减少生命损失、损害和经济损失。有关NHERI资源的信息将在DesignSafe-ci.org门户网站上提供。NHERI实验设施将为nsf支持的研究和教育奖励提供对其实验资源、用户服务和数据管理基础设施的访问。该奖项将支持佛罗里达国际大学的NHERI实验设施使用12扇风墙（WOW）进行风力工程研究。在过去的十年里，美国在人力、经济和基础设施方面对风灾事件的脆弱性方面得到了非常深刻的教训。WOW是一个风暴模拟设施，允许在多个尺度上测试整体建筑系统和其他结构，风速最高可达萨菲尔-辛普森尺度的5级飓风，并带有风力驱动的降雨选项。WOW将使研究人员能够在风害和雨水入侵机制方面获得新的、高度具体的知识。目标是改进结构和建筑围护结构系统以及生命线基础设施的设计实践，以创建更具抗风能力和可持续发展的社区。WOW还将促进学生学习，作为更大的国家努力的一部分，以培养多样化和具有全球竞争力的科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）劳动力。更广泛地说，WOW将通过促进风力工程科学和技术的进步来服务于国家利益；创造创新，减少生命、财产和基础设施损失；并支持防止风灾事件成为社区灾害所需的研究。WOW设施将提供以下实验能力：(1)在模拟飓风风速达到或包括5级的情况下，进行多尺度的高速整体测试；(2)模拟风致降雨研究水侵；(3)在极端环境下进行测试，开发创新的减缓装置；(4)高雷诺数大气边界层流动大尺度气动/气动弹性试验；(5)全湍流谱流场经典边界层风洞小尺度试验。WOW将提供广泛的仪器和数据采集系统，并将允许获得各种建筑形状的风荷载数据，考虑到当前设计标准中未解决的干扰和屏蔽效应。存档的数据库将帮助研究人员研究峰值负载并验证计算方法。对集成组件的整体测试将有助于确定脆弱性、渐进失效模式和雨水入侵机制。使用WOW进行的研究将有助于验证可持续建筑概念和创新的缓解策略。从大规模测试中获得的知识将使研究人员能够开发更节能和智能的建筑围护结构，确定现场可再生能源，并实施自然通风策略。战略合作伙伴关系将增加在龙卷风和下爆设计中使用直风空气动力学数据的能力。在该设施进行的研究将有助于将新发现纳入标准和改进现有做法。该大学的STEM转化研究所将帮助将其项目纳入该设施的教育组成部分，通过基于探究的主动学习和学习助理模块培养新的智能基础设施，这将可用于美国和世界各地的风能工程课程。该设施将为潜在用户举办年度研讨会，并将为本科生举办研究体验。

The Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) will be supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as a distributed, multi-user national facility that will provide the natural hazards research community with access to research infrastructure that will include earthquake and wind engineering experimental facilities, cyberinfrastructure, computational modeling and simulation tools, and research data, as well as education and community outreach activities. NHERI will be comprised of separate awards for a Network Coordination Office, Cyberinfrastructure, Computational Modeling and Simulation Center, and Experimental Facilities, including a post-disaster, rapid response research facility. Awards made for NHERI will contribute to NSF's role in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) and the National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program. NHERI continues NSF's emphasis on earthquake engineering research infrastructure previously supported under the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation as part of NEHRP, but now broadens that support to include wind engineering research infrastructure. NHERI has the broad goal of supporting research that will improve the resilience and sustainability of civil infrastructure, such as buildings and other structures, underground structures, levees, and critical lifelines, against the natural hazards of earthquakes and windstorms, in order to reduce loss of life, damage, and economic loss. Information about NHERI resources will be available on the DesignSafe-ci.org web portal.NHERI Experimental Facilities will provide access to their experimental resources, user services, and data management infrastructure for NSF-supported research and education awards. This award will support a NHERI Experimental Facility at Florida International University to conduct wind engineering research using the 12-fan Wall of Wind (WOW). The United States has learned very hard lessons in the last decade about its human, economic, and infrastructure vulnerabilities to wind hazard events. The WOW is a windstorm simulation facility that allows testing of holistic building systems and other structures at multiple scales in wind speeds up to and including hurricane Category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson scale, with a wind-driven rain option. The WOW will allow researchers to generate new and highly specific knowledge on wind damage and rain intrusion mechanisms. The goal is to improve design practices for structural and building envelope systems and lifeline infrastructures to create more wind-resilient and sustainable communities. The WOW will also promote student learning as part of the larger national effort to foster a diverse and globally competitive science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce. More broadly, the WOW will serve the national interest by promoting the progress of wind engineering science and technology; generating innovations that can lead to reductions in life, property, and infrastructure losses; and supporting research needed to prevent wind hazard events from becoming community disasters. The WOW facility will provide the following experimental capabilities: (1) high-speed holistic testing at multiple scales in simulated hurricane wind speeds up to and including Category 5; (2) wind-driven rain simulations to study water intrusion; (3) testing under extreme environments to develop innovative mitigation devices; (4) large-scale aerodynamic/aeroelastic testing in atmospheric boundary layer flows at high Reynolds numbers; and (5) classic boundary layer wind tunnel small-scale testing in flows with a full turbulence spectrum. The WOW will offer a wide range of instrumentation and data acquisition systems, and will allow wind load data to be obtained for a wide range of building shapes, accounting for interference and shielding effects not addressed in current design standards. The archived database will help researchers study peak loads and validate computational methods. Holistic testing of integrated component assemblies will help determine fragilities, progressive failure modes, and rain intrusion mechanisms. Research using the WOW will help validate sustainable building concepts and innovative mitigation strategies. Knowledge gained from large-scale tests will enable researchers to develop more energy efficient and smart building envelopes, identify on-site renewable energy sources, and implement natural ventilation strategies. Strategic partnerships will add capabilities to allow use of aerodynamic data on straight winds in designs for tornadoes and downbursts. Research conducted at the facility will contribute to incorporating new findings into standards and improving current practices. The university's STEM Transformation Institute will help incorporate its program into the facility's educational component, fostering a new intellectual infrastructure with inquiry-based active learning and Learning Assistant modules, which will be transportable to wind engineering curricula in the United States and around the world. This facility will conduct annual workshops for prospective users and will host Research Experiences for Undergraduate students.