Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Determining Season Of Death By Dental Microwear Analysis
博士论文改进奖:通过牙齿微磨损分析确定死亡季节
基本信息
- 批准号:1521531
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 1.06万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2015
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2015-05-15 至 2016-04-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The evolution of meat eating in the hominin (ancestral human) diet is central to hypotheses about the emergence of the genus Homo, the development of the modern body plan, the elongation of lifespan, and the hominin expansion from Africa into Eurasia and beyond. Seasonal resource fluctuation can have a profound effect on adaptive developments such as these, and indeed, it is during the increased aridity and seasonality of the Early Pleistocene (2.588 - 0.781 million years ago [Ma]) that the earliest evidence for hominin meat-eating appears. However, little is known about the seasonal dynamics of hominin foraging at this time. This study provides a timely insight into the successful strategies of early Homo during an extended period of climate change and variability by examining the timing of meat foraging at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Though meat had the potential to increase energy budgets seasonally or annually, it also placed hominins in competition with both predators and scavengers. Technological and behavioral evidence for butchery at Olduvai suggests that despite the dangers, meat was an increasingly valuable resource in the context of expanding savannas and receding forests. In addition to covering this critical time in hominin evolution, Olduvai is well-suited for the project because it is among the best-studied localities dating to 1.9 - 1.2 million years ago, and is at the center of debates about hominin meat foraging and landscape use. Research there will contribute to the long tradition of international and local collaboration, providing valuable ongoing training to the future paleoanthropologists and conservationists who will safeguard our cultural heritage. The project will also further the training of Alia Gurtov, a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin and will provide data for her doctoral dissertation. By examining the timing of hominin foraging at Olduvai, this research can elucidate the significance of meat as a resource in times of low precipitation and relative resource scarcity, and the strategies that elevated hominins to compete at a new trophic level. It will do so using dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) on fossil bovid prey. DMTA is a non-destructive technique that uses scale sensitive fractal analysis to examine microscopic abrasions reflecting the fracture properties of an organism's diet in the previous weeks or days. Pilot research has demonstrated that DMTA is capable of distinguishing between assemblages of impala (Aepyceros melampus) hunted by Hadza hunter-gatherers in the wet and dry seasons. As a browser-grazer, impala are an appropriate modern analog for several common prey species at Olduvai. Though DMTA cannot identify the season of death for individuals, it can be used comparatively. The anthropogenic assemblage FLK Zinj is penecontemporaneous with the carnivore-generated assemblage of FLK North, located 200 meters away. This study will use the modern impala analog to ascertain which season is best represented at each locality and compare the results to see if hominins and carnivores were operating during the same times of the year in the same environments. This research will begin to determine if Early Pleistocene hominin meat-acquisition varied seasonally, and if the strategy invited or avoided confrontation with carnivores, thereby contributing to our knowledge of Pleistocene hominin foraging adaptations.
古人类(人类祖先)饮食中吃肉的进化是关于人属的出现、现代身体结构的发展、寿命的延长以及古人类从非洲向欧亚大陆及其他地区扩张的假设的核心。季节性资源波动会对诸如此类的适应性发展产生深远的影响,事实上,正是在早更新世(258.8 - 781万年前)干旱和季节性增加的时期,人类食肉的最早证据出现了。然而,人们对这一时期人类觅食的季节性动态知之甚少。本研究通过考察坦桑尼亚Olduvai峡谷的肉类觅食时间,及时洞察了早期人类在长期气候变化和变异期间的成功策略。虽然肉类有可能增加季节性或年度的能量预算,但它也使人类与捕食者和食腐动物竞争。奥杜瓦伊屠杀的技术和行为证据表明,尽管存在危险,但在稀树草原扩大和森林萎缩的背景下,肉类是一种越来越有价值的资源。除了涵盖人类进化的这一关键时期外,Olduvai非常适合这个项目,因为它是190万至120万年前研究得最好的地方之一,并且是关于人类肉类觅食和景观利用的争论的中心。那里的研究将有助于国际和地方合作的悠久传统,为未来的古人类学家和保护主义者提供有价值的持续培训,他们将保护我们的文化遗产。该项目还将进一步培训威斯康星大学的研究生Alia Gurtov,并将为她的博士论文提供数据。通过研究古人类在Olduvai觅食的时间,本研究可以阐明在低降水和相对资源稀缺时期,肉类作为一种资源的重要性,以及人类在新的营养水平上竞争的策略。它将通过对化石牛类猎物的牙齿微磨损纹理分析(DMTA)来做到这一点。DMTA是一种非破坏性技术,它使用尺度敏感分形分析来检查微观磨损,反映生物体在前几周或几天的饮食中的断裂特性。试点研究表明,DMTA能够区分哈扎族狩猎采集者在雨季和旱季捕获的黑斑羚(Aepyceros melampus)。作为一种掠食动物,黑斑羚是奥杜瓦伊几种常见猎物的现代类比物。虽然DMTA不能识别个体的死亡季节,但它可以相对使用。FLK Zinj的人为组合与FLK North的食肉动物形成的组合是准同生的,位于200米远的地方。这项研究将使用现代黑斑羚模拟物来确定在每个地方哪个季节最具代表性,并比较结果,看看人类和食肉动物是否在一年中的同一时间在相同的环境中活动。这项研究将开始确定早更新世古人类的肉类获取是否随季节变化,以及这种策略是否会引起或避免与食肉动物发生冲突,从而有助于我们了解更新世古人类的觅食适应性。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Henry Bunn其他文献
Henry Bunn的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Henry Bunn', 18)}}的其他基金
Dissertation Research: Pliocene Hominid Foraging Behavior at Sterkfontein Member 5 (South Africa): Insights From Actualistic Studies of Modern Chimpanzees and Their Environ
论文研究:Sterkfontein 成员 5(南非)的上新世原始人觅食行为:现代黑猩猩及其环境的现实研究的见解
- 批准号:
9614930 - 财政年份:1997
- 资助金额:
$ 1.06万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Dissertation Research: Analysis of Olduvai Faunal Remains
论文研究:奥杜瓦伊动物遗迹分析
- 批准号:
8921738 - 财政年份:1990
- 资助金额:
$ 1.06万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Anthropological Studies of Hadza Hunter-Gatherers
哈扎狩猎采集者的人类学研究
- 批准号:
8610754 - 财政年份:1986
- 资助金额:
$ 1.06万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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