Collaborative Research: Extreme Rainfall in Urban Environments

在这项研究中，城市化对极端降雨和洪水的影响将通过结合降雨和洪水的比较研究，从不同的样本在美国的城市流域，并通过极端降雨和洪水的建模研究。 在这项研究中将解决的主要问题是：城市化如何改变极端降雨和洪水的区域水文气候？将围绕城市化对极端降雨气候学的影响问题和城市化对城市流域洪水应对的影响问题开展研究。 关注城市化和极端降雨的问题如下：城市化如何改变洪水暴雨系统降雨的时空分布？在城市地区产生山洪的风暴系统的生命周期特征是什么？水陆边界和复杂地形如何与城市环境相互作用，以控制极端降雨的区域分布？关注城市化和极端洪水的问题如下：城市化如何改变导致极端洪水的风暴系统的数量？城市发展模式与降雨时空结构沿着如何决定城市流域尺度相关的洪水响应？学术价值：该研究旨在预测城市化对极端降雨和洪水的影响。城市环境是研究水文气象过程中空间异质性的一个特别有趣和重要的背景。城市环境也提出了一个具有挑战性的设置为特征的区域气候变化和研究将有助于更广泛地了解在极端降雨和洪水的非平稳性。更广泛的影响：这个项目，这是一个合作的努力，从普林斯顿大学和普渡大学的研究小组，将培养研究生和提供资源和基础设施，为本科生开展独立的研究项目（通过高级论文，初级独立项目和暑期实习）。此外，该项目的研究内容将纳入普林斯顿大学土木与环境工程本科课程和普渡大学环境科学与工程以及气象学和应用气候/气候变化课程，并以“城市环境”领域的举措为基础。从这项研究中获得的结果将具有重大和直接的利益，不仅水文学家，气候科学家和大气科学家，而且对广泛的终端用户，包括应急管理办公室，城市规划方案和洪水预报办公室。研究将转化为培训材料，以满足可持续科学研究人员和教育工作者的教育和劳动力需求。将与印第安纳州气候服务小组和普渡大学土地利用小组合作，制定和传播培训和宣传材料。

In this study, the impacts of urbanization on extreme rainfall and flooding will be examined through a combination of intercomparison studies of rainfall and flooding from a diverse sample of urban watersheds in the US and through modeling studies of extreme rainfall and flooding. The principal question that will be addressed in this study is: How does urbanization alter the regional hydroclimatology of extreme rainfall and flooding? Research will be organized around questions that address urbanization impacts on the climatology of extreme rainfall and questions that address urbanization impacts on flood response in urban watersheds. Questions that focus on urbanization and extreme rainfall are the following: How does urbanization alter the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall from flood-producing storm systems? What are the characteristic life cycles of storm systems that produce flash floods in urban regions? How do land - water boundaries and complex terrain interact with the urban environment to control the regional distribution of extreme rainfall? Questions that focus on urbanization and extreme flooding are the following: How does urbanization alter the population of storm systems that are responsible for extreme flooding? How does the pattern of urban development, along with the space-time structure of rainfall, determine the scale-dependent flood response of urban watersheds?Intellectual merit:The research is designed to provide a predictive understanding of the impacts of urbanization on extreme rainfall and flooding. Urban environments represent an especially interesting and important setting for examining spatial heterogeneities in hydrometeorological processes. Urban environments also present a challenging setting for characterizing regional climate change and the research will contribute to a broader understanding of nonstationarities in extreme rainfall and flooding.Broader impacts:This project, which is a collaborative effort of research groups from Princeton and Purdue, will train graduate students and provide the resources and infrastructure for undergraduate students to carry out independent research projects (through Senior Thesis, Junior Independent Project and summer internships). Furthermore, the research elements of the project will be integrated throughout the undergraduate curriculum in Civil and Environmental Engineering at Princeton and at Environmental Science and Engineering as well as Meteorology and Applied Climate/Climate Change curriculum at Purdue, building on initiatives in the area of the "urban environment". Results obtained from this research will be of significant and immediate interest, not only to hydrologists, climate scientists and atmospheric scientists but also to a wide range of end users, including emergency management offices, urban planning programs and flood forecasting offices. The research will be translated into training material, which will be targeted for developing the education and workforce needs of sustainable science researchers and educators. Work with the Indiana State Climate Service Team and Purdue's Land Use Team to develop and disseminate training and outreach material will be carried out.