Lightning Initiation Studies

尽管对闪电进行了几十年的研究，但关于闪电最初的火花以及闪电如何在天空中形成一条路径，仍有很多东西需要了解。该合同将为研究人员提供机会，在密西西比州北部建立一系列电子传感器，以收集重要数据，这些数据可用于调查和更好地了解闪电的产生机制。增加对闪电的了解是很重要的，因为闪电每年对人类和财产造成重大的社会影响。该奖项还将通过一名博士后研究员和一名研究生的支持，为下一代科学家的教育和培训做出贡献。该合同将资助在密西西比州北部9个不同地点部署一套电子传感器。每个站点将包含一个e电荷传感器、一个甚高频传感器和一个dE/dt传感器。此外，pi将部署两台高速摄像机，其中一台能够以每秒5万帧的速度运行。仪器设置旨在允许研究人员解决以下问题：1)什么事件开始并放大初始e电荷（IEC），这些事件如何引起IEC？2)何时以及如何从不导电的空气过渡到热传导通道？3)云内闪的初始击穿脉冲在光学上是什么样子的？它们与云对地闪的初始击穿脉冲是否相似？4)为什么有些闪光有多组IB脉冲？5)为什么一些窄双极脉冲会引发云内闪光，而另一些则不会？

Despite decades of lightning research, there is still much to be learned about the initial sparks of a lightning flash and how lightning creates a path through the sky. This award will provide researchers the opportunity to set up an array of electrical sensors in northern Mississippi to collect important data that can be used to investigate and gain a better understanding of the mechanisms that start a lightning flash. Increased understanding of lightning is important due to significant societal impacts that lightning has on people and property each year. The award will also contribute to the education and training of the next generation of scientists through the support of a postdoctoral researcher and a graduate student.This award will fund the deployment of a suite of electrical sensors at nine different sites across northern Mississippi. Each site will contain an E-charge sensor, a VHF sensor, and a dE/dt sensor. In addition, the PIs will deploy two high speed video cameras, one with the ability to operate at 50,000 frames per second. The instrumentation setup is designed to allow the researchers to address the following questions: 1) What events begin and amplify an initial E-charge (IEC) and how do these events cause the IEC? 2) When and how does the transition from non-conducting air to a hot conducting channel occur? 3) What do initial breakdown pulses of intracloud flashes look like optically and are they similar to initial breakdown pulses of cloud-to-ground flashes? 4) Why do some flashes have multiple sets of IB pulses? 5) Why do some Narrow Bipolar Pulses initiate intracloud flashes while others do not?