Emergency Services During Heightened Border Security

在加强安全的背景下，急救人员如何应对提供消防、救援和紧急医疗服务的挑战？紧急医疗响应人员的案例耐人寻味，而且往往是有问题的。作为公共服务提供者，他们是在9·11事件后的安全国家前线工作的街头官僚，面临着他们生活和工作的社区的安全与他们拯救生命的社会人道主义责任之间的政治、法律和伦理冲突。职业道德和医保法要求急救员提供帮助，而不考虑患者的法律地位，但作为州行为者，他们也被赋予政府权威的政治和象征性职能，并紧密融入联邦应急准备和国土安全基础设施。这项研究考察了地方政府和为消防、救援和紧急医疗服务提供资金的纳税人与制定和实施国家安全、边境控制和移民政策的联邦和州政府之间的关系。该项目将对与EMS相关的政策和监管工作具有指导意义，因为它们涉及到对国家安全和公共卫生的更广泛关切。该项目还将促进学生在严格的数据收集和分析方法方面的进步和培训，同时扩大未被充分代表的群体对科学的参与。佛罗里达大学的Ieva Jusionyte博士探索了急救人员-消防员、紧急医疗技术人员和护理人员-的日常做法和经验，他们在亚利桑那州和索诺拉边境两侧的消防和救援部门工作或志愿工作，以扩大我们对安全政策和边境执法的人类和社会后果的理解。本项目的问题是：(1)在不同政府级别规划和执行的安全政策在应用这些政策的社区中会产生什么影响？以及(2)这些政策付诸实施时产生的潜在矛盾如何影响边境安全努力？Jusionyte博士将通过在亚利桑那州南部的农村和城市社区进行为期12个月的人种学研究来寻求这些问题的答案，她将在那里积极与来自消防和救援部门的研究助理和社区合作伙伴合作。研究小组将进行一系列深入访谈、焦点小组讨论和档案研究，以解释不同治理级别的相互冲突的政策如何对经历过这些政策的人造成潜在的有害后果，并评估这些影响对作为第一线国家行为者的急救人员的影响。这项研究是对我们从人类学perspective.&amp；#8194；&amp；#8194；&amp；#8194；&amp；#8194；&amp；#8194；理解安全决策的影响以及救援的法律、政治和伦理的一项原创性的重要贡献。

How do first responders confront the challenges of provisioning fire, rescue, and emergency medical services in contexts of heightened security? The case of emergency medical responders is intriguing and oftentimes problematic. As public service providers, they are street-level bureaucrats who work on the frontlines of the post-9/11 security state, facing political, legal and ethical collisions between the security of the communities where they live and work and their social-humanitarian responsibilities to saving lives. Professional ethics and healthcare laws require that first responders provide help without regard to the legal status of their patients, but as state actors they are also invested with political and symbolic functions of governmental authority and tightly integrated into the federal emergency preparedness and homeland security infrastructures. The study examines the relation between local governments and taxpayers that fund fire, rescue and emergency medical services, and federal and state governments, which set and implement national security, border control and immigration policies. The project will be instructive to EMS-related policy and regulatory efforts as they relate to both broader concerns about national security and public health. The project would also promote the advancement and training of students in methods of rigorous data collection and analysis, while broadening the participation of underrepresented groups in the sciences. Dr. Ieva Jusionyte of the University of Florida explores the everyday practices and experiences of first responders - firefighters, emergency medical technicians and paramedics - who work or volunteer for fire and rescue departments on both sides of the Arizona-Sonora border to expand our understanding of the human and social consequences of security policies and border enforcement. This project asks: (1) what effects do security policies, planned and executed at different government levels, have in the communities where they are applied? And (2) how do potential contradictions that result when these policies are put into practice impact border security efforts? Dr. Jusionyte will seek answers to these questions by engaging in a twelve-month-long ethnographic research in rural and urban communities of Southern Arizona, where she will actively collaborate with research assistants and community partners from the fire and rescue departments. The research team will conduct a series of in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and archival research in order to explain how conflicting policies at different levels of governance can result in potentially deleterious consequences for people who experience them, and assess the implications that these effects have on first responders as frontline state actors. This research is an original and important contribution to our understanding of the effects of security-making and the laws, politics and ethics of rescue from an anthropological perspective.