PFI:BIC - A Cost-effective Accurate and Resilient Indoor Positioning System

PFI:BIC - 经济高效、精确且有弹性的室内定位系统

• 批准号: 1534114
• 负责人: Anthony Rowe
• 金额: $ 99.84万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1534114&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PFI; BIC; Cost; effective; Accurate

This Partnerships for Innovation: Building Innovation Capacity project aims at developing a cost effective, accurate, resilient and smart indoor localization service to be used in built environments. Positioning systems have revolutionized how we interact with the world around us. Outdoor mobile devices make use of technologies like Global Positioning System (GPS) to deliver a wide variety of location-based services. Similarly, indoor positioning systems will enable delivery of new services that provide tremendous social and commercial value to humans in residential and commercial built environments. Indoor location services can be used by enterprises to track and manage assets. Building management systems can use indoor location information to enable services for building managers and occupants and first responders, such as effective emergency response, indoor navigation, and perimeter protection. Furthermore, indoor location services will enable implementation of important services such as coordination of people in a disaster scenario (e.g., natural or man-made (public shootings) disasters and navigation services for the blind). Unfortunately, satellite-based approaches, such as GPS, do not work indoors due to weak satellite signals that do not penetrate through building facades. Unlike existing methods, the proposed smart service will achieve high accuracy and robustness with respect to disruptions, while maintaining low installation and maintenance costs. In addition, users will be able to use their mobile device(s), (e.g., smartphone, tablets, smart watches), without the need to carry/wear additional equipment. The project will develop and combine ultrasound, visible light and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)-based positioning techniques with Radio Frequency (RF)-based, magnetic signatures, human ambulation models and building information models (BIMs) for localization, tracking and visualization. The combined use of several independent positioning techniquse not only will dramatically increase the accuracy of positioning over any single technique, but it will add the necessary redundancy to withstand disruption of all but one positioning service, with provably bounded loss of performance. Even in the case of unavailability of all positioning techniques, ambulation models, together with BIM, will be able to provide indoor positioning at a coarser level of granularity. In turn, redundancy can be used to perform maintenance and periodic system calibration on any subsystem without service interruption. The impressive feature of the proposed methodology is that all these properties can be achieved at low installation and maintenance costs, as the system can piggyback on a building's existing audio, lighting, and RF communication capabilities. One unique property of the proposed positioning algorithm will be its modularity and extensibility. Information coming from different sensors will be incorporated seamlessly, allowing the algorithm to work under intermittent failure of one of its subcomponents. The inclusion of ambulation models, together with accelerometer, gyroscope and compass data available on the majority of today's smartphones, will allow the achievement of fine-grain tracking, which will provide smooth trajectories in place of sequence of locations. In the proposed scheme, Multi-sensor localization and BIM play a synergetic role. BIM will contribute to decreasing installation and maintenance costs, by providing precise positioning of the sources of ranging (e.g., light, ultrasound, Wi-Fi antennas) and accurate topological information to develop high fidelity ranging models. Additionally, the semantic information provided by BIM will help with detecting infeasible trajectories. On the other hand, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)-based techniques can help refine BIMs and keep them updated. Dynamic information can enhance BIMs by providing useful information to building managers about traffic patterns and occupancy. Importantly, the design of the smart service needs to be human-centered and to take into account each of the stakeholders, i.e., owner and facilities management team, the service developers, the users of the smart service application program interface (API), who will develop value-added services customized for a particular facility or more generally for many facilities, and, of course, the end-users, the occupants and visitors of the facility, who will use the smart services themselves. To understand the needs and wants of such distinct groups of stakeholders, the project will directly involve them by conducting a series of focus groups. Participatory design is an established technique where a design team works directly with stakeholders to design an artifact or service. Stakeholders will also be engaged in the formal testing of the software service, from installation to maintenance, to application design and to application usage. At the inception of the project, partners include the lead institution: Carnegie Mellon University, (Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and the Human-Computer Interaction Institute) Pittsburgh, PA, with primary partners: Bosch RTC Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, PA, large business) and Sports and Exhibition Authority (Pittsburgh, PA, large business).

这种创新伙伴关系：建设创新能力项目旨在开发一种具有成本效益，准确，弹性和智能的室内定位服务，用于建筑环境。定位系统彻底改变了我们与周围世界的互动方式。 户外移动的设备利用全球定位系统（GPS）等技术来提供各种各样的基于位置的服务。同样，室内定位系统将能够提供新的服务，为住宅和商业建筑环境中的人类提供巨大的社会和商业价值。企业可以使用室内定位服务来跟踪和管理资产。建筑物管理系统可以使用室内位置信息来实现针对建筑物管理者和居住者以及第一响应者的服务，诸如有效的紧急响应、室内导航和周界保护。此外，室内定位服务将使重要服务的实现成为可能，例如在灾难场景中协调人员（例如，自然或人为（公共枪击）灾难和盲人导航服务）。不幸的是，基于卫星的方法，如全球定位系统，不工作室内，由于微弱的卫星信号，不穿透建筑物外墙。与现有方法不同，拟议的智能服务将实现高准确性和鲁棒性，同时保持较低的安装和维护成本。此外，用户将能够使用他们的（多个）移动终端（例如，智能手机、平板电脑、智能手表），而无需携带/佩戴额外的设备。该项目将开发和联合收割机结合超声波，可见光和无线局域网（WLAN）为基础的定位技术与射频（RF）为基础的，磁签名，人体模型和建筑信息模型（BIM）的定位，跟踪和可视化。几种独立的定位技术的组合使用不仅将大大提高定位的准确性超过任何单一的技术，但它将增加必要的冗余，以承受中断的所有，但一个定位服务，可证明有限的性能损失。即使在所有定位技术都不可用的情况下，Amplitude模型与BIM一起，也能够以更粗的粒度提供室内定位。反过来，冗余可用于在不中断服务的情况下对任何子系统执行维护和定期系统校准。所提出的方法的令人印象深刻的特点是，所有这些属性都可以以较低的安装和维护成本实现，因为该系统可以搭载在建筑物现有的音频，照明和RF通信功能上。所提出的定位算法的一个独特的属性将是其模块化和可扩展性。来自不同传感器的信息将被无缝整合，使算法能够在其中一个子组件间歇性故障的情况下工作。包括amplitudes模型，加上加速度计，陀螺仪和指南针数据，可在大多数今天的智能手机，将允许实现细粒度跟踪，这将提供平滑的轨迹，而不是位置序列。在该方案中，多传感器定位和BIM发挥协同作用。BIM将通过提供测距源的精确定位（例如，光、超声波、Wi-Fi天线）和精确的拓扑信息，以开发高保真测距模型。此外，BIM提供的语义信息将有助于检测不可行的轨迹。另一方面，基于同步定位和地图构建（SLAM）的技术可以帮助改进BIM并保持其更新。动态信息可以通过向建筑物管理者提供有关交通模式和占用率的有用信息来增强BIM。重要的是，智能服务的设计需要以人为本，并考虑到每个利益相关者，即，所有者和设施管理团队、服务开发者、智能服务应用程序接口（API）的用户（他们将开发针对特定设施或更一般地针对许多设施定制的增值服务），以及当然，最终用户、设施的居住者和访问者（他们将自己使用智能服务）。为了了解这些不同利益攸关方群体的需要和愿望，该项目将通过举办一系列重点小组会议，直接让他们参与。分解式设计是一种已建立的技术，其中设计团队直接与涉众合作设计工件或服务。利益攸关方还将参与软件服务的正式测试，从安装到维护，到应用程序设计和应用程序使用。在项目开始时，合作伙伴包括牵头机构：卡内基梅隆大学（电气和计算机工程系，土木和环境工程系，人机交互研究所）匹兹堡，宾夕法尼亚州，主要合作伙伴：博世RTC匹兹堡（匹兹堡，宾夕法尼亚州，大企业）和体育和展览管理局（匹兹堡，宾夕法尼亚州，大企业）。