Postdoctoral Fellow: Understanding scientists' views of good research practice

博士后研究员：了解科学家对良好研究实践的看法

• 批准号: 1534628
• 负责人: Jutta Schickore
• 金额: $ 16.59万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1534628&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Postdoctoral; Fellow; Understanding; scientists; views

General Audience Summary A post-doctoral research fellow will work under the guidance of the PI to carry out an analysis that will extract key concepts that scientists use to address questions regarding scientific integrity and good scientific practice. The fellow will analyze approximately 2,500 pages of transcribed interviews with scientists who work in academic and collaborative environments about their conceptions of good research practice and values such as applicability, risk, and responsibility. It is important to address these issues since scientists are increasingly compelled to communicate and publicly defend their standards and values regardless of whether they work in a more traditional academic environment or whether they are more strongly committed to commercialized science. The overall goal of this project is to facilitate these communication practices by bringing to light key conceptual tools to express, explain, critique, and defend their methodological standards and their values to different audiences. The results of this project may serve as a preliminary study for more in-depth analyses of communicating good research practice at the interface between science and broader publics. In addition, they will be integrated into undergraduate and graduate course, and they will be shared with other science educators.Technical Summary The post-doctoral fellow will take a bottom-up approach to examine the methodological, epistemic, and ethical values that scientists consider crucial for their research, what attitudes they have toward these values, and what challenges they encounter when they explain their views of good scientific practice to others. The project is both timely and important. Very little is known about how scientists themselves conceptualize their views of good research practice and scientific integrity and about the conceptual challenges they may face in discussions about those issues. The fellow will draw on available interviews to provide numerous empirical examples of how scientists utilize and justify value statements in everyday research. By analyzing their views about collaborations, their merits and potential downsides, and particularly by assessing what motivations scientists identify for collaborative work, it will be possible to refine recent taxonomies of different forms of collaborative practices. In addition, the project will yield more information about what counts as replication in different scientific fields. Most importantly, it will provide deeper insight into the significance that scientists attach to the replication of experiments and to the communication of the outcomes of replications and about how they negotiate tensions between the perceived necessity to replicate findings and the perceived pressure to produce and publish novel and original results.

一般观众摘要 博士后研究员将在 PI 的指导下进行分析，提取科学家用来解决有关科学诚信和良好科学实践问题的关键概念。该研究员将分析大约 2,500 页对在学术和协作环境中工作的科学家的采访记录，了解他们对良好研究实践和价值观（如适用性、风险和责任）的看法。解决这些问题非常重要，因为科学家越来越被迫沟通和公开捍卫他们的标准和价值观，无论他们是在更传统的学术环境中工作，还是更坚定地致力于商业化科学。该项目的总体目标是通过揭示关键概念工具来向不同受众表达、解释、批评和捍卫其方法标准和价值观，从而促进这些沟通实践。该项目的结果可以作为初步研究，以便更深入地分析在科学和更广泛的公众之间传播良好的研究实践。此外，它们将被纳入本科生和研究生课程，并与其他科学教育工作者共享。 技术摘要 博士后研究员将采取自下而上的方法来研究科学家认为对其研究至关重要的方法论、认识论和伦理价值观，他们对这些价值观的态度，以及他们在向他人解释他们对良好科学实践的看法时遇到的挑战。该项目既及时又重要。人们对科学家本身如何概念化他们对良好研究实践和科学完整性的看法以及他们在讨论这些问题时可能面临的概念挑战知之甚少。该研究员将利用现有的采访来提供大量的实证例子，说明科学家如何在日常研究中利用和证明价值陈述的合理性。通过分析他们对合作的看法、合作的优点和潜在的缺点，特别是通过评估科学家对合作工作的动机，将有可能完善不同形式合作实践的最新分类法。此外，该项目还将提供更多有关不同科学领域中哪些内容可被视为重复的信息。最重要的是，它将更深入地了解科学家对实验复制和复制结果交流的重视，以及他们如何协调复制研究结果的必要性与产生和发表新颖和原创结果的压力之间的紧张关系。