SBP: The Price of Parenting in STEM: Explaining Career Paths and Pay Consequences of Parenthood among Science and Engineering Professionals

SBP：STEM 中为人父母的代价：解释科学和工程专业人士为人父母的职业道路和薪酬后果

• 批准号: 1535359
• 负责人: Erin Cech
• 金额: $ 39.66万
• 依托单位: William Marsh Rice University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1535359&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBP; Price; Parenting; STEM; Explaining

This proposal was submitted in response to EHR Core Research (ECR) program announcement NSF 15-509. As part of ECR, this project is funded by the Research on Gender in Science and Engineering (GSE) program. GSE seeks to understand and address gender-based differences in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education and workforce participation through education and implementation research that will lead to a larger and more diverse domestic STEM workforce. Over the past two decades, social science research has found that girls and women encounter barriers in STEM education and then face additional obstacles entering and advancing in STEM careers. Yet, the effects of motherhood and fatherhood on the careers of STEM professionals are not well studied. This research will explore whether parenting--especially motherhood--incurs penalties in STEM employment in terms of retention, advancement, and salary. Using a sociological theoretical perspective that socially structured life courses move through gendered institutions, the study will examine how parenthood shapes career trajectories, retention, and salaries for women and men in STEM fields. The proposed empirical research project will use representative, longitudinal data to analyze these parenthood effects among STEM professionals. The researchers will also investigate how these parenthood effects differ by race/ethnicity, education level, sector, and STEM field. The findings will inform theory about gender differences in retention across all career stages and efforts to develop interventions that improve women's long-term persistence and success in STEM.This project will use nationally representative, longitudinal, restricted-use data of STEM professionals from the Nation Center for Science and Engineering's (NCSES) Science and Engineering Statistical Data System (SESTAT) to examine the effects of parenthood on career paths and pay. The sample (N=17,599) includes STEM professionals employed full-time in 2003 and followed through 2010. Through a series of bi- and multivariate statistical analyses, the researchers will address the following research questions: Who leaves full-time STEM employment after becoming a parent? Where do they go? How do these parenthood effects vary by gender, race/ethnicity, education level, sector, and STEM field? Is the cost in lost income of making a career change higher if respondents made the change for family reasons compared to other reasons? Among workers who remain in full-time STEM careers, how do gender, parenthood, education level, and race/ethnicity affect salary? Since a large majority of workers become parents at some point during their careers, understanding the gendered effects of parenthood on the careers of STEM practitioners is central to understanding the retention of talented women and men in these fields. The researchers will also look for systematic variation by race/ethnicity, education level, sector and STEM field.

该提案是为了响应 EHR 核心研究 (ECR) 计划公告 NSF 15-509 而提交的。作为 ECR 的一部分，该项目由科学与工程中的性别研究 (GSE) 计划资助。 GSE 致力于通过教育和实施研究来了解和解决科学、技术、工程和数学 (STEM) 教育和劳动力参与方面基于性别的差异，这将导致国内 STEM 劳动力规模更大、更多样化。过去二十年来，社会科学研究发现，女孩和妇女在 STEM 教育中遇到障碍，然后在进入和发展 STEM 职业时面临更多障碍。然而，母亲和父亲对 STEM 专业人士职业生涯的影响尚未得到充分研究。这项研究将探讨养育子女（尤其是母亲）是否会在 STEM 就业中招致保留、晋升和薪水方面的惩罚。该研究将利用社会学理论视角，即社会结构的生活课程通过性别机构进行移动，探讨为人父母如何塑造 STEM 领域女性和男性的职业轨迹、保留率和薪资。拟议的实证研究项目将使用代表性的纵向数据来分析 STEM 专业人员中的父母身份影响。研究人员还将调查这些为人父母的影响如何因种族/民族、教育水平、部门和 STEM 领域而异。研究结果将为有关所有职业阶段保留性别差异的理论提供依据，并努力制定干预措施，提高女性在 STEM 领域的长期坚持和成功。该项目将使用来自国家科学与工程中心 (NCSES) 科学与工程统计数据系统 (SESTAT) 的全国代表性、纵向、限制使用的 STEM 专业人员数据来研究为人父母对职业道路和薪酬的影响。样本（N=17,599）包括 2003 年全职受雇并一直持续到 2010 年的 STEM 专业人士。通过一系列双变量和多元统计分析，研究人员将解决以下研究问题：谁在成为父母后离开全职 STEM 工作？他们去哪里？这些为人父母的影响如何因性别、种族/民族、教育水平、部门和 STEM 领域而异？与其他原因相比，如果受访者因家庭原因而改变职业，那么因职业改变而造成的收入损失成本是否更高？在全职从事 STEM 职业的工人中，性别、父母身份、教育水平和种族/民族如何影响工资？由于大多数员工在职业生涯的某个阶段都会成为父母，因此了解为人父母对 STEM 从业者职业生涯的性别影响对于了解这些领域的人才保留至关重要。研究人员还将寻找种族/族裔、教育水平、部门和 STEM 领域的系统差异。