SBP: The Price of Parenting in STEM: Explaining Career Paths and Pay Consequences of Parenthood among Science and Engineering Professionals

SBP：STEM 中为人父母的代价：解释科学和工程专业人士为人父母的职业道路和薪酬后果

• 批准号: 1743150
• 负责人: Erin Cech
• 金额: $ 30.01万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-10-01 至 2021-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1743150&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBP; Price; Parenting; STEM; Explaining

This proposal was submitted in response to EHR Core Research (ECR) program announcement NSF 15-509. As part of ECR, this project is funded by the Research on Gender in Science and Engineering (GSE) program. GSE seeks to understand and address gender-based differences in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education and workforce participation through education and implementation research that will lead to a larger and more diverse domestic STEM workforce. Over the past two decades, social science research has found that girls and women encounter barriers in STEM education and then face additional obstacles entering and advancing in STEM careers. Yet, the effects of motherhood and fatherhood on the careers of STEM professionals are not well studied. This research will explore whether parenting--especially motherhood--incurs penalties in STEM employment in terms of retention, advancement, and salary. Using a sociological theoretical perspective that socially structured life courses move through gendered institutions, the study will examine how parenthood shapes career trajectories, retention, and salaries for women and men in STEM fields. The proposed empirical research project will use representative, longitudinal data to analyze these parenthood effects among STEM professionals. The researchers will also investigate how these parenthood effects differ by race/ethnicity, education level, sector, and STEM field. The findings will inform theory about gender differences in retention across all career stages and efforts to develop interventions that improve women's long-term persistence and success in STEM.This project will use nationally representative, longitudinal, restricted-use data of STEM professionals from the Nation Center for Science and Engineering's (NCSES) Science and Engineering Statistical Data System (SESTAT) to examine the effects of parenthood on career paths and pay. The sample (N=17,599) includes STEM professionals employed full-time in 2003 and followed through 2010. Through a series of bi- and multivariate statistical analyses, the researchers will address the following research questions: Who leaves full-time STEM employment after becoming a parent? Where do they go? How do these parenthood effects vary by gender, race/ethnicity, education level, sector, and STEM field? Is the cost in lost income of making a career change higher if respondents made the change for family reasons compared to other reasons? Among workers who remain in full-time STEM careers, how do gender, parenthood, education level, and race/ethnicity affect salary? Since a large majority of workers become parents at some point during their careers, understanding the gendered effects of parenthood on the careers of STEM practitioners is central to understanding the retention of talented women and men in these fields. The researchers will also look for systematic variation by race/ethnicity, education level, sector and STEM field.

该提案是针对电子病历核心研究(ECR)计划公告NSF 15-509而提交的。作为ECR的一部分，该项目由科学与工程性别研究(GSE)计划资助。GSE寻求通过教育和实施研究了解和解决科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)教育和劳动力参与方面的性别差异，这将导致更多和更多样化的国内STEM劳动力。在过去的二十年里，社会科学研究发现，女孩和妇女在STEM教育中遇到障碍，然后在STEM职业生涯中面临更多的障碍。然而，母亲和父亲对STEM专业人员职业生涯的影响还没有得到很好的研究。这项研究将探索育儿方式--尤其是母亲身份--是否会在STEM就业中在留任、晋升和工资方面招致惩罚。这项研究运用社会学的理论观点，即社会结构化的生活课程通过性别划分的机构进行，研究为人父母如何影响STEM领域女性和男性的职业轨迹、留任和薪酬。建议的实证研究项目将使用具有代表性的纵向数据来分析STEM专业人员中的这些育儿效应。研究人员还将调查这些为人父母的影响如何因种族/民族、教育水平、行业和STEM领域而有所不同。这一发现将为有关在所有职业阶段留任方面的性别差异以及努力开发干预措施以提高女性在STEM中的长期持久性和成功程度的理论提供信息。该项目将使用国家科学与工程中心(NCSES)科学和工程统计数据系统(SESTAT)具有全国代表性的、纵向的、受限使用的STEM专业人员数据来研究为人父母对职业道路和薪酬的影响。样本(N=17,599)包括2003年全职受雇的STEM专业人员，并一直跟踪到2010年。通过一系列双变量和多变量统计分析，研究人员将解决以下研究问题：谁在成为父母后离开全职STEM工作？他们去了哪里？这些为人父母的影响如何因性别、种族/民族、教育水平、部门和STEM领域而异？与其他原因相比，如果受访者因为家庭原因而改变职业，那么改变职业所造成的收入损失成本会更高吗？在仍在从事STEM全职工作的工人中，性别、父母身份、教育水平和种族/民族对工资有何影响？由于大多数工人在职业生涯的某个时候都会为人父母，因此了解为人父母对STEM从业者职业生涯的性别影响对于理解在这些领域留住有才华的女性和男性至关重要。研究人员还将根据种族/民族、教育水平、部门和STEM领域寻找系统性差异。