Collaborative Research: Navigating through space in turbulence tubes: Copepod responses to Burgers' vortex

合作研究：在湍流管中穿越空间：桡足类对伯格斯涡流的反应

• 批准号: 1537284
• 负责人: Donald Webster
• 金额: $ 34.84万
• 依托单位: Georgia Tech Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-15 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1537284&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Navigating; through; space

Copepods are ubiquitous animals in marine environments and play a critically-important function in the food web of the world's oceans. The ability of a copepod to sense fluid motion provides an advantage for critical survival tactics such as finding food, finding mates, and avoiding predators. This project will examine the capability of copepods to detect turbulent flow. A turbulent-like flow will be mimicked in a laboratory aquarium as a small vortex (i.e., swirling motion like a tornado), and copepod swimming behavior will be observed in and around the vortex. The goal is to understand the variations in the sensory ecology of three species of copepods with three representative sensor arrays to better explain their temporal and spatial distribution in the ocean in response to turbulence conditions. The project also has a strong education and outreach plan. It will provide interdisciplinary training for graduate and undergraduate students in fields such as engineering, biology, and computational sciences. Further, research results will provide context for planned outreach efforts to educate the general public at local high schools and aquariums.The project will deconstruct the turbulence-copepod interaction by performing detailed kinematics analysis of swimming in three species of copepods in and around a laboratory realization of a Burgers' vortex that mimics in situ turbulent vortices in the dissipation range of scales. The goal is to test the hypothesis that the copepods Acartia tonsa, Temora longicornis, and Calanus finmarchicus detect hydrodynamic cues related to vortices in turbulent flows and actively respond via changes in swimming kinematics. Using a custom designed and calibrated apparatus, a turbulent-like vortex will be created in the laboratory. By holding the turbulent vortex stable in space, cameras will be focused on a small region of the feature to record the animal behavior relative to well-quantified flow characteristics. The approach has the advantage of eliminating the time-varying and stochastic nature of turbulent flows that make such mechanistic understanding so challenging to achieve. Hypotheses will address questions about the influence of swimming style, setal array architecture, and the interaction of chemical and hydrodynamical cues on the turbulence-copepod interaction. Specifically, the investigators will examine how copepod species with different sensory structures and swimming orientation respond to a stable well-defined laboratory stimulus to determine how copepods exploit the shape and orientation of turbulent features. The species of copepods chosen for this work provide a range of sensory architectures, swimming orientations, sizes, and mate tracking abilities.

桡足类是海洋环境中普遍存在的动物，在世界海洋食物网中发挥着至关重要的作用。桡足类感知流体运动的能力为关键的生存策略提供了优势，例如寻找食物，寻找配偶和躲避捕食者。这个项目将研究桡足类探测湍流的能力。类似湍流的流动将在实验室水族馆中模拟为小涡流（即，漩涡运动像龙卷风），和桡足类的游泳行为将被观察到的漩涡内和周围。我们的目标是了解三种桡足类与三个代表性的传感器阵列的感官生态的变化，以更好地解释其在海洋中的时空分布响应湍流条件。该项目还有一个强有力的教育和外联计划。它将为工程、生物和计算科学等领域的研究生和本科生提供跨学科培训。 此外，研究结果将为计划在当地高中和水族馆对公众进行教育的外展工作提供背景。该项目将通过对实验室实现的伯格斯涡旋及其周围的三种桡足类动物游泳进行详细的运动学分析，解构湍流与桡足类动物的相互作用，该涡旋模拟尺度耗散范围内的原位湍流涡旋。我们的目标是测试的假设，桡足类Acartia tonsa，Temora longicornis，和哲水蚤finmarchicus检测流体动力学线索相关的涡流湍流，并积极响应通过游泳运动学的变化。使用定制设计和校准的装置，将在实验室中产生类似于涡旋的涡流。通过保持湍流涡流在空间中稳定，相机将聚焦在特征的小区域上，以记录相对于良好量化的流动特征的动物行为。该方法的优点是消除了湍流的时变和随机性质，这些性质使得这种机械理解难以实现。假设将解决问题的影响，游泳风格，刚毛阵列架构，化学和流体动力学线索的相互作用上的服从桡足类相互作用。具体来说，研究人员将研究具有不同感觉结构和游泳方向的桡足类物种如何对稳定的明确定义的实验室刺激做出反应，以确定桡足类如何利用湍流特征的形状和方向。这项工作选择的桡足类物种提供了一系列的感官结构，游泳方向，大小和配偶跟踪能力。