Collaborative Research: Navigating through space in turbulence tubes: Copepod responses to Burgers' vortex

合作研究：在湍流管中穿越空间：桡足类对伯格斯涡流的反应

• 批准号: 1537284
• 负责人: Donald Webster
• 金额: $ 34.84万
• 依托单位: Georgia Tech Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-15 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1537284&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Navigating; through; space

Copepods are ubiquitous animals in marine environments and play a critically-important function in the food web of the world's oceans. The ability of a copepod to sense fluid motion provides an advantage for critical survival tactics such as finding food, finding mates, and avoiding predators. This project will examine the capability of copepods to detect turbulent flow. A turbulent-like flow will be mimicked in a laboratory aquarium as a small vortex (i.e., swirling motion like a tornado), and copepod swimming behavior will be observed in and around the vortex. The goal is to understand the variations in the sensory ecology of three species of copepods with three representative sensor arrays to better explain their temporal and spatial distribution in the ocean in response to turbulence conditions. The project also has a strong education and outreach plan. It will provide interdisciplinary training for graduate and undergraduate students in fields such as engineering, biology, and computational sciences. Further, research results will provide context for planned outreach efforts to educate the general public at local high schools and aquariums.The project will deconstruct the turbulence-copepod interaction by performing detailed kinematics analysis of swimming in three species of copepods in and around a laboratory realization of a Burgers' vortex that mimics in situ turbulent vortices in the dissipation range of scales. The goal is to test the hypothesis that the copepods Acartia tonsa, Temora longicornis, and Calanus finmarchicus detect hydrodynamic cues related to vortices in turbulent flows and actively respond via changes in swimming kinematics. Using a custom designed and calibrated apparatus, a turbulent-like vortex will be created in the laboratory. By holding the turbulent vortex stable in space, cameras will be focused on a small region of the feature to record the animal behavior relative to well-quantified flow characteristics. The approach has the advantage of eliminating the time-varying and stochastic nature of turbulent flows that make such mechanistic understanding so challenging to achieve. Hypotheses will address questions about the influence of swimming style, setal array architecture, and the interaction of chemical and hydrodynamical cues on the turbulence-copepod interaction. Specifically, the investigators will examine how copepod species with different sensory structures and swimming orientation respond to a stable well-defined laboratory stimulus to determine how copepods exploit the shape and orientation of turbulent features. The species of copepods chosen for this work provide a range of sensory architectures, swimming orientations, sizes, and mate tracking abilities.

桡足类动物是海洋环境中普遍存在的动物，在世界海洋食物网中发挥着至关重要的作用。桡足类感知流体运动的能力为寻找食物、寻找配偶和躲避捕食者等关键生存策略提供了优势。该项目将检查桡足类检测湍流的能力。类似湍流的流动将在实验室水族箱中被模拟为小漩涡（即像龙卷风一样的旋转运动），并且将在漩涡内和周围观察桡足类的游泳行为。目标是了解具有三个代表性传感器阵列的三种桡足类动物的感官生态变化，以更好地解释它们在海洋中响应湍流条件的时间和空间分布。该项目还有一个强有力的教育和推广计划。它将为工程、生物学和计算科学等领域的研究生和本科生提供跨学科培训。 此外，研究结果将为计划外展工作提供背景，以在当地高中和水族馆向公众进行教育。该项目将通过对三种桡足类动物的游泳进行详细的运动学分析来解构湍流-桡足类相互作用，该实验室实现了伯格斯涡流，该涡流模拟了尺度耗散范围内的原位湍流涡流。目的是检验桡足类 Acaria tonsa、Temora longicornis 和 Calanus finmarchicus 检测与湍流中的涡流相关的流体动力学线索并通过游泳运动学的变化做出积极响应的假设。使用定制设计和校准的设备，将在实验室中产生类似湍流的涡流。通过保持空间中的湍流涡流稳定，摄像机将聚焦在该特征的一个小区域上，以记录与充分量化的流动特征相关的动物行为。该方法的优点是消除了湍流的时变和随机性质，而湍流的性质使得这种机械理解很难实现。假设将解决有关游泳风格、集合阵列结构以及化学和流体动力学线索对湍流-桡足类相互作用的相互作用的影响的问题。具体来说，研究人员将研究具有不同感觉结构和游泳方向的桡足类物种如何响应稳定且明确的实验室刺激，以确定桡足类如何利用湍流特征的形状和方向。这项工作选择的桡足类物种提供了一系列的感官结构、游泳方向、大小和配偶跟踪能力。