Epidemiology and spatial ecology of a tropical coralline fungal disease in the face of ocean warming and acidification
海洋变暖和酸化背景下热带珊瑚真菌病的流行病学和空间生态学
基本信息
- 批准号:1538151
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 74.53万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2015
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2015-12-01 至 2018-11-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Coral reefs worldwide have suffered catastrophic losses of calcifying (reef-building) organisms such as corals and crustose coralline algae (CCA). These calcifiers construct and cement the reef together, providing a complex three-dimensional structure for a diverse array of reef-associated species. On many reefs, these calcifiers have been replaced by non-calcifying, "fleshy" species such as seaweeds and other invertebrates. Such drastic shifts in ecosystem structure and function, documented since the 1980s, are driven by complex interactions between anthropogenically induced changes to the marine environment (i.e., eutrophication, sedimentation, or over-fishing), climate-related change (increase frequency and severity of storms, global warming, and ocean acidification), outbreaks of predators, and the spread of disease. Traditionally, investigations have largely focused on one stressor at a time, and rarely explore the complexity introduced when combinations of stressors impact a marine ecosystem, a reality most coral reefs face. This project examines an important, yet difficult to study, interaction between climate driven physical parameters (seawater temperature and pH) and the disease ecology of a coralline fungal infection, recently identified by investigators on this project, for an understudied but critical component of reef ecosystems. The primary scientific and societal broader impacts of this project will be advancing our ability to predict the future effects of climate change on disease outbreaks that negatively affect carbonate accretion and primary production of key taxa in coral reef ecosystems. This project supports the education and training of undergraduate students and a postdoctoral scholar in an international arena, engages the governor's Coral Reef Advisory Group in American Samoa, and informs the general public through in-person discussions online (Google Hangout) and at a Café Scientifique.Many tropical species of CCA are particularly sensitive to slight changes in temperature and pH in an experimental setting and the central hypothesis is that climate induced change will hasten the spread and severity of the coralline fungal disease (CFD). The exact mechanisms of how and why a previously healthy CCA host becomes infected by the endolithic fungi are unclear. Thus the two major goals of the proposed research include: 1) a description of the CFD dynamics (incidence, prevalence, and mechanism of transmission across, and progression within, various coralline host species), and 2) an exploration of how climate-driven global change (i.e., rising SST and seawater acidity) will affect these dynamics using lab experiments and field observations. A combination of high-resolution, large-scale benthic imagery and novel sensor technology arrayed across reef habitats on Palmyra Atoll will be used to relate the spatial distribution of infected or resistant host CCA species, fungal colony-forming units, and environmental conditions over time in a natural setting at a reef-scale. High frequency time series of seawater pH, pCO2, salinity, and temperature data, calibrated and complemented by discrete sampling for additional carbonate parameters (total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon), will be related with biological data (disease prevalence, incidence, and host physiology). In addition, these field measurements will inform laboratory experiments performed at an organismal scale and designed to test alternative hypotheses about agents of disease progression within a calcareous host.
世界各地的珊瑚礁遭受了珊瑚和甲壳珊瑚藻类等钙化(造礁)生物的灾难性损失。这些钙化物将珊瑚礁建造和加固在一起,为与珊瑚礁相关的各种物种提供了一个复杂的三维结构。在许多珊瑚礁上,这些钙化物已经被海藻和其他无脊椎动物等非钙化的肉质物种所取代。自1980年代以来记录的这种生态系统结构和功能的急剧变化,是由人类活动引起的海洋环境变化(即富营养化、沉积或过度捕捞)、与气候有关的变化(风暴的频率和严重性增加、全球变暖和海洋酸化)、捕食者的爆发和疾病的传播之间的复杂相互作用推动的。传统上,调查主要集中于一次一个压力源,很少探索当压力源组合影响海洋生态系统时带来的复杂性,这是大多数珊瑚礁面临的现实。该项目审查了气候驱动的物理参数(海水温度和pH值)与珊瑚真菌感染的疾病生态之间的一个重要但难以研究的相互作用,该疾病生态学最近由该项目的调查人员确定,是珊瑚礁生态系统的一个未得到充分研究但至关重要的组成部分。该项目的主要科学和社会影响将是提高我们预测气候变化对疾病暴发的未来影响的能力,这些疾病暴发对珊瑚礁生态系统中关键类群的碳酸盐沉积和初级生产产生负面影响。该项目在国际舞台上支持本科生和博士后学者的教育和培训,与美属萨摩亚总督珊瑚礁咨询小组合作,并通过在线(Google Hangout)和咖啡馆的面对面讨论向公众提供信息。许多热带物种在实验环境中对温度和pH值的轻微变化特别敏感,中心假设是气候引起的变化将加速珊瑚真菌病(CFD)的传播和严重程度。以前健康的CCA宿主如何以及为什么会被石器内真菌感染的确切机制尚不清楚。因此,拟议研究的两个主要目标包括:1)描述CFD动力学(发病率、流行率、跨不同珊瑚寄主物种传播和进展的机制),以及2)利用实验室实验和野外观测探索气候驱动的全球变化(即SST和海水酸度上升)将如何影响这些动力学。结合高分辨率、大规模的底栖生物图像和分布在巴尔米拉环礁上的珊瑚礁栖息地的新型传感器技术,将在珊瑚礁规模的自然环境中联系感染或抗药性宿主CCA物种、真菌菌落形成单位和环境条件随时间的空间分布。海水pH值、二氧化碳浓度、盐度和温度的高频时间序列将与生物学数据(发病率、发病率和宿主生理)相关,并通过离散采样进行校准和补充,以获得额外的碳酸盐参数(总碱度和溶解无机碳)。此外,这些现场测量将为在生物体规模上进行的实验室实验提供信息,这些实验旨在测试关于钙质宿主内疾病进展因素的替代假设。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
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Nichole Price其他文献
Nichole Price的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Nichole Price', 18)}}的其他基金
OCE-RIG Canary on the coral reef: ecophysiology of tropical crustose coralline algae across latitudinal gradients
OCE-RIG 珊瑚礁上的金丝雀:跨越纬度梯度的热带甲壳珊瑚藻的生态生理学
- 批准号:
1420900 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 74.53万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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