CPS: Breakthrough: An Entropy Framework for Communications and Dynamics Interdependency in Cyber Physical Systems: Analysis, Design and Implementation

许多实际系统，如智能电网，无人机（UAV）和机器人网络可以归类为网络物理系统（CPS）。一个典型的CPS由物理动力学、传感器、通信网络和控制器组成。通信网络在CPS中至关重要，因为它模仿人体的神经系统。因此，研究如何对CPS中的通信网络进行分析和设计就显得尤为重要。本质上，通信源于所考虑的系统的不确定性;随机扰动增加了系统的不确定性，CPS中的控制动作减少了系统的不确定性。众所周知，熵是系统不确定性的度量。CPS采用统一的熵框架，其中随机扰动产生熵，而通信和控制提供负熵以补偿熵的产生。智能化的优点是新的框架熵的沟通和控制CPS和CPS的设计准则的基础上，系统状态熵的CPS。该项目的更广泛的意义和重要性在于对各级学生的教育，向公众传播结果，以及对日常生活的影响，例如提高电网的灵活性和鲁棒性。该项目应用熵的框架来研究通信和控制的相互依赖性，从而促进CPS中通信的分析和设计。（a）基于熵流的通信容量分析，通过研究物理动力学中的熵场来分析CPS中的通信，从而提供规模估计通信容量预算（比特/秒）;（B）通信网络拓扑设计其中网络拓扑的设计（c）在线网络资源调度，其在熵场的框架内使用基于优化的方法和启发式方法来改进操作期间的网络资源调度;（d）硬件仿真试验台，在智能电网的背景下，提供基于真实的实时数字电力仿真器和通信仿真器的联合仿真试验台。在研究的基础上，开发了新的课程。K-12外展和本科/研究生教育的各个层次被纳入研究。

Many practical systems such as smart grid, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and robotic networks can be categorized as cyber physical systems (CPS). A typical CPS consists of physical dynamics, sensors, communication network and controllers. The communication network is of key importance in CPS, since it mimics the nerve system in the human body. Hence, it is critical to study how the communication network in CPS should be analyzed and designed. Essentially, communications stem from the uncertainty of system under consideration; random perturbations increase the system uncertainty, which is reduced by the control actions in CPS. It is well known that entropy is a measure of system uncertainty. A unified framework of entropy is used for CPS, in which random perturbations create entropy while communications and controls provide negative entropy to compensate the entropy generation. The intellectual merits are the novel framework of entropy for bridging the communications and control in CPS and the new design criterion based on the entropy of system state for CPS. The project's broader significance and importance are the education of various levels of students, the dissemination of results to public, and the impact on everyday life such as the improved agility and robustness of power grids.This project applies the framework of entropy to study the interdependencies of communications and control, thus facilitating the analysis and design of communications in CPS. The following tasks are tackled in the project: (a) Entropy Flow Based Communication Capacity Analysis in which communications in CPS is analyzed by studying the entropy fields in the physical dynamics, thus providing an estimation on the scale (bits/second) of communication capacity budget; (b) Communication Network Topology Design in which the design of the network topology (either physical or logical) is tackled through both optimization-based or heuristic approaches; (c) Online Network Resource Scheduling which refines the network resource scheduling during the operation using both optimization-based and heuristic approaches, within the framework of entropy fields; (d) Hardware Emulation Testbed which delivers a co-simulation testbed based on real time digital power simulator (RTDS) and a communication simulator, in the context of smart grids. Based on the research, new courses are developed. K-12 outreach and various levels of undergraduate/graduate educations are incorporated into the research.