RAPID Collaborative Research: Landslides caused by the April 2015 Nepal earthquakes, from immediate hazard to tectonic driver

RAPID 合作研究：2015 年 4 月尼泊尔地震引起的山体滑坡，从直接危害到构造驱动因素

• 批准号: 1546631
• 负责人: Marin Clark
• 金额: $ 5.27万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1546631&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; Landslides; caused

A non-technical description of the project, which explains the project's significance and importanceLandslides are a continual threat in many mountainous regions of the world and the danger is increased in areas prone to large earthquakes. In spite of this association, knowledge concerning the extent to which seismic events can trigger landslides is rudimentary. This RAPID project will use satellite images to analyze the distribution of landslides following the large earthquake and aftershocks in Nepal of April, 2015. Field work will also be conducted by the research team to document the volume of material that has moved, evaluate the threat for subsequent remobilization of the landslides, and provide the evidence needed to more accurately predict the hazard level in other landslide-prone regions.A technical description of the projectThis RAPID project will (1) develop landslide maps from high resolution satellite imagery along the Himalaya and explore efforts to build high resolution Digital Elevation Models from before and after the earthquake; (2) characterize landslide geometries through field measurements and photogrammetric analysis, making it possible to rigorously determine landslide volumes; (3) develop and implement a sediment routing model to identify and monitor sediment transport; and (4) collect and analyze samples for baseline geochemical indexes that promise insight into erosion and sediment transport, with a priority on detrital cosmogenic beryllium isotopes and uranium-thorium/helium ratios, together with complementary efforts to monitor changes in river solute chemistry. Students will be actively engaged in all aspects of the research.

项目的非技术性描述，解释了项目的意义和重要性滑坡是世界上许多山区的持续威胁，在容易发生大地震的地区，危险性会增加。尽管存在这种联系，但关于地震事件能在多大程度上引发滑坡的知识还很不成熟。该项目将利用卫星图像分析2015年4月尼泊尔大地震和余震后的山体滑坡分布。研究小组还将进行实地工作，以记录已移动的材料量，评估山体滑坡随后重新活动的威胁，并提供所需的证据，以更准确地预测其他滑坡易发地区的危险程度。该项目的技术说明该快速项目将（1）利用高分辨率卫星图像绘制喜马拉雅山脉沿着的滑坡图，并探索如何在地震前后建立高分辨率数字高程模型;（2）通过实地测量和摄影测量分析确定滑坡的几何形状，从而能够准确确定滑坡的体积;（3）开发和实施沉积物路径模型，以确定和监测沉积物的迁移;以及（4）收集和分析样品，以获得基线地球化学指标，这些指标有望洞察侵蚀和沉积物搬运，优先考虑碎屑宇宙成因铍同位素和铀-钍/氦比值，同时还应努力监测河流溶质化学变化。学生将积极参与研究的各个方面。