Track 1 - Center Catalyst: Center for Land Surface Hazards (CLaSH)

轨道 1 - 中心催化剂：地表灾害中心 (CLaSH)

• 批准号: 2224871
• 负责人: Marin Clark
• 金额: $ 49.72万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2224871&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Track; Center; Catalyst; Land; Surface

Landslides and river floods are common examples of land-surface hazards that have enormous impact on society because they occur frequently and in widespread environments around the world. The consequences of such hazards are magnified by climate change, modification of the land surface due to human activity, and increased exposure associated with population growth and urban development. Yet an integrated scientific approach to geohazards research lags to their growing effects. In response to the threats posed by geohazards, our funded Center Catalyst will develop a shared vision within the scientific community around contributions to hazards research and education, which will include strengthening ties between academic, government, non-profit groups, and local communities. This vision will be the basis of a proposed Center for Land-Surface Hazards (CLaSH). This Center, the detailed shape of which will be sculpted via Catalyst activities, would provide a trial for frontier work involving the impact of different types of land-surface hazards on society. Pilot activities of the Catalyst will include scientific community planning meetings, engaging existing NSF facilities and centers on education and outreach projects, and strengthening government agency partnerships. Center Catalyst activities will inform the strategic plan for a fully-fledged Center that enables innovative research on interconnected land-surface hazards, increases the diversity of geoscientists, and better prepares the public for disaster events.A particular emphasis of the Center Catalyst will be on how one incident of a hazardous event triggers more events creating a cascading hazard, such as storms that follow wildfire causing debris flows and floods. This focus is motivated by the major research challenge that individual land-surface hazards often receive attention in isolation. While they certainly merit study on their own, we fundamentally lack transdisciplinary science that addresses how geomorphic processes work together as a part of an interconnected system to generate cascading hazards. This gap represents an important link between hazards and fundamental science. Research on cascading hazards is a frontier poised for major advancement, fueled by maturing basic science frameworks (e.g., critical zone science, tectonic/climate coupling, impacts of the Anthropocene), increased computational modeling capabilities, and technological developments in imaging and sensing that promise a wholly new opportunity for integrated efforts. Another major gap in geohazard science is defined by the social, economic, and racial communities disproportionately affected by land surface hazards. These communities are the least represented in geoscience research and national agencies that support hazard planning and response. With these gaps in mind, the Center Catalyst will consider: (1) potential ways to address the lack of underrepresented groups in geoscience by developing workforce recruitment and retention programs around themes of social and environmental altruism and equity in hazard science, (2) related approaches to identify opportunities for advancing fundamental knowledge that readily translates to application in the hazards research space, and (3) the scope for developing research directions on how society itself increases hazard exposure through modification of the land surface.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

山体滑坡和河流洪水是地表灾害的常见例子，对社会产生巨大影响，因为它们经常发生在世界各地的广泛环境中。气候变化、人类活动造成的地表变化以及与人口增长和城市发展相关的风险增加，加剧了这些危害的后果。然而，地质灾害研究的综合科学方法滞后于其日益增长的影响。为了应对地质灾害带来的威胁，我们资助的Center Catalyst将围绕对灾害研究和教育的贡献，在科学界内制定一个共同愿景，其中包括加强学术界、政府、非营利组织和当地社区之间的联系。这一愿景将成为拟议的地表灾害中心（CLaSH）的基础。该中心的详细形状将通过Catalyst活动进行雕刻，将为涉及不同类型地表灾害对社会影响的前沿工作提供试验。催化剂的试点活动将包括科学界规划会议，使现有的NSF设施和中心参与教育和推广项目，并加强政府机构的伙伴关系。中心催化剂活动将为一个成熟的中心的战略计划提供信息，该中心能够对相互关联的陆地表面灾害进行创新研究，增加地球科学家的多样性，并为公众更好地准备灾害事件。中心催化剂的一个特别重点是危险事件的一个事件如何引发更多的事件，从而产生连锁危险，例如野火引起泥石流和洪水的风暴。这一重点的动机是主要的研究挑战，个别的陆地表面灾害往往受到孤立的关注。虽然它们本身确实值得研究，但我们从根本上缺乏跨学科的科学来解决地貌过程如何作为一个相互关联的系统的一部分共同产生级联灾害。这一差距代表了灾害与基础科学之间的重要联系。对级联灾害的研究是一个即将取得重大进展的前沿领域，受到成熟的基础科学框架（例如，关键地带科学，构造/气候耦合，人类世的影响），提高计算建模能力，以及成像和传感技术的发展，为综合努力提供了全新的机会。地质灾害科学的另一个主要差距是由社会，经济和种族社区不成比例地受到地表灾害的影响。这些社区在支持灾害规划和应对的地球科学研究和国家机构中的代表性最低。考虑到这些差距，Center Catalyst将考虑：（1）通过围绕社会和环境利他主义以及灾害科学公平性的主题制定劳动力招聘和保留计划，解决地球科学中代表性不足群体的潜在方法，（2）确定促进基础知识的机会的相关方法，这些基础知识易于转化为灾害研究空间的应用，以及（3）发展研究方向的范围，即社会本身如何通过改变地表来增加危险暴露。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。