Determining hillslope-scale material strength from seismically-triggered landslide events

从地震引发的滑坡事件中确定山坡尺度的材料强度

• 批准号: 1528576
• 负责人: Marin Clark
• 金额: $ 29.45万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-15 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1528576&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Determining; hillslope; scale; material; strength

A non-technical description of the project, which explains the project's significance and importanceLandslides are a continual threat in many mountainous regions of the world and the danger is increased in areas prone to large earthquakes. In spite of this association, knowledge concerning the extent to which seismic events can trigger landslides is rudimentary. This project will examine data from the 1994 Northridge, California earthquake in order to evaluate how lithology, tectonics, rock strength, and fracture density influence the susceptibility of hillslopes to landslides. Data will be entered into a model that was developed as a pilot test for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. The more detailed and field-checked results from the California earthquake will permit refinement of the model and engender a wider applicability for hazard assessments in other areas. In particular, the data will be incorporated into a program of the U.S. Geological Survey, which is developing an automated system that produces estimates of impact and losses for earthquakes around the world for emergency response, government and aid agencies, and the media. Advances resulting from this project will aid in their implementation.A technical description of the projectNatural hillslope strength, which is a major controlling factor for landscape evolution and hazard assessment, is usually quite different than measurements of rock strength on hand-sized samples done in the laboratory. Laboratory tests are performed on intact rock, yet it is fracture density, aperture, and size that determine hillslope-scale rock strength. The strength of hillslopes can be quantified by using large seismic events in high relief settings, where an earthquake causes strong ground motion (peak ground acceleration) and a quantifiable landscape response (landsliding). This project assesses slope stability as a function of landslide thickness and shear-strength properties (cohesion and internal angle of friction) for a particular seismic event using modeled peak ground acceleration. The research focuses on landslides caused by the 1994 magnitude 6.7 Northridge earthquake, where it is hypothesized that tectonic deformation causes a strength reduction of hillslopes that can be isolated from lithologic and climatic factors. The project will integrate modeling and fieldwork to test this hypothesis and the results will improve knowledge of tectonic processes as a governor of rock weakening. The findings are relevant to earth surface processes, landscape evolution, tectonics, and natural-hazard assessment.

该项目的非技术性描述，解释了该项目的意义和重要性 山体滑坡是世界上许多山区的持续威胁，并且在易发生大地震的地区，危险更加严重。尽管存在这种关联，但关于地震事件引发山体滑坡的程度的知识还很初级。该项目将检查 1994 年加利福尼亚州北岭地震的数据，以评估岩性、构造、岩石强度和裂缝密度如何影响山坡发生滑坡的可能性。数据将被输入一个模型，该模型是为 2008 年中国汶川地震进行试点测试而开发的。加州地震的更详细和现场检查的结果将使模型得以完善，并为其他地区的灾害评估带来更广泛的适用性。特别是，这些数据将被纳入美国地质调查局的一个项目中，该项目正在开发一个自动化系统，为应急响应、政府和援助机构以及媒体提供对世界各地地震影响和损失的估计。该项目取得的进展将有助于其实施。该项目的技术描述天然山坡强度是景观演变和灾害评估的主要控制因素，通常与实验室中对手掌大小的样品进行的岩石强度测量有很大不同。实验室测试是在完整的岩石上进行的，但决定山坡规模岩石强度的是裂缝密度、孔径和尺寸。 山坡的强度可以通过使用高地形环境中的大型地震事件来量化，其中地震会引起强烈的地面运动（峰值地面加速度）和可量化的景观响应（滑坡）。该项目使用模拟峰值地面加速度，针对特定地震事件，评估边坡稳定性与滑坡厚度和剪切强度特性（粘聚力和内摩擦角）的函数关系。 该研究重点关注 1994 年北岭 6.7 级地震引起的山体滑坡，假设构造变形导致山坡强度降低，而这种降低与岩性和气候因素无关。该项目将整合建模和现场工作来检验这一假设，其结果将提高对作为岩石弱化控制因素的构造过程的认识。这些发现与地球表面过程、景观演化、构造和自然灾害评估相关。