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RESEARCH-PGR: Discovery and Functional Characterization of Genes Regulating Plant Immunity in Perennial Crops

研究-PGR：多年生作物植物免疫调节基因的发现和功能表征

基本信息

批准号：
1546863
负责人：
Mark Guiltinan
金额：
$ 356.85万
依托单位：
Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-15 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1546863&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
RESEARCH PGR Discovery Functional Characterization

项目摘要

The human population is projected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, requiring a 50% increase in food and fiber production. A major constraint to this goal is crop losses due to microbial plant diseases which destroy approximately 15% of the world's total crop production every year. Advances in the science of plant disease control are needed to reduce crop losses to disease. Plant genomes encode thousands of genes involved in disease resistance, called the plant immune system. For some crops, modern science has made rapid progress in identifying disease resistance genes and using them in plant breeding, but for others such as long-lived tree crops, it is much more difficult to make rapid progress. This project will explore the plant immune system via a comprehensive study of the genes important for disease resistance to key pathogens of an important crop, cacao, which is the source of chocolate, and an important cash crop for millions of farmers in developing countries. The methods, tools and knowledge gained will be directly applicable to discovery of genes underlying important traits in other crops, especially trees and many perennial grasses. In addition to contributing to building a global partnership in reaching the goals of feeding a growing population sustainably, this project will involve students and young scientists in the US and in developing countries though international exchanges and collaborations.This project will establish a new approach for use with perennial crop plants to identify candidate loci for disease resistance using a model tree crop, Theobroma cacao (the chocolate tree). Whole genome re-sequencing and transcriptome sequencing of a core collection of highly diverse cacao genotypes will provide the genetic information necessary to drive the discovery of genes critical for pathogen resistance. Functional analysis of these genes will test their role in resistance and set the stage for future translation of these basic findings to guiding more efficient breeding programs utilizing a wider array of genetic diversity. Importantly, the methods, tools, and knowledge gained will be directly applicable to discovery of genes underlying important traits in other crops, especially heterozygous perennials such as trees and many grasses which are not particularly amenable to approaches developed for the major annual crops such as corn and soybean. The basic evolutionary and functional principles that will be discovered can be generalized to most if not all crop plants. To promote and build genomics research capacity in developing countries and to promote inter-disciplinary cross-training the project will support scientific exchanges between project members and foreign collaborators, through postdoctoral, graduate and undergraduate student training at multiple institutions and will involve students from minority serving institutions. The results of this study will be made publicly available through electronic resources and publications.

到2050年，世界人口预计将增长到96亿，这就要求粮食和纤维产量增加50%。实现这一目标的一个主要制约因素是植物微生物病害造成的作物损失，这些病害每年破坏世界作物总产量的约15%。要减少作物因病害造成的损失，需要在植物病害控制科学方面取得进展。植物基因组编码了数千个与抗病有关的基因，称为植物免疫系统。对于一些作物，现代科学在识别抗病基因并将其用于植物育种方面取得了快速进展，但对于其他作物，如长寿的乔木作物，取得快速进展要困难得多。该项目将通过对一种重要作物可可抗病关键病原体的重要基因的全面研究来探索植物免疫系统。可可是巧克力的来源，也是发展中国家数百万农民的重要经济作物。所获得的方法、工具和知识将直接适用于发现其他作物，特别是树木和许多多年生草的重要性状的基因。除了有助于建立全球伙伴关系，以实现可持续养活不断增长的人口的目标外，该项目还将通过国际交流与合作，让美国和发展中国家的学生和青年科学家参与其中。该项目将建立一种新的方法，用于多年生作物植物，利用可可树（巧克力树）模型作物来鉴定候选抗病基因座。对高度多样化的可可基因型进行全基因组重测序和转录组测序，将为发现对病原体抗性至关重要的基因提供必要的遗传信息。这些基因的功能分析将测试它们在抗性中的作用，并为这些基本发现的未来翻译奠定基础，以指导更有效的育种计划，利用更广泛的遗传多样性。重要的是，所获得的方法、工具和知识将直接适用于发现其他作物重要性状的基因，特别是杂合多年生植物，如树木和许多草，它们不特别适合用于玉米和大豆等主要一年生作物的方法。即将发现的基本进化和功能原理可以推广到大多数（如果不是所有的话）农作物。为了促进和建设发展中国家的基因组学研究能力，促进跨学科交叉培训，该项目将通过在多个机构培养博士后、研究生和本科生，支持项目成员和外国合作者之间的科学交流，并将有来自少数民族服务机构的学生参与。这项研究的结果将通过电子资源和出版物向公众提供。